Oil well logging

There is a suite of related applications involving signal processing. Whether the data are from images, oil well-logging devices, or military sensor systems, the problems are the same vast amounts of data, only some of which are amenable to numerical analysis. Yet experts derive valid interpretations from the data. Systems have already been built to capture this expertise. 

Califomium-252 is an intense neutron source. One gram emits 2.4 x 1012 neutrons per second. This isotope shows promise for applications in neutron activation analysis, neutron radiography, and as a portable source for field use in mineral prospecting and oil well logging. 

Fig. 18. Oil well logging provides valuable information on the down-hole" characteristics of oil and gas wells. Spontaneous potential (SP). electrical resistivity/conductivity logs are frequently recorded simultaneously...

The lithium sulfur dioxide and the lithium thionyl chloride systems are specialty batteries. Both have liquid cathode reactants where the electrolyte solvent is the cathode-active material. Both use polymer-bonded carbon cathode constructions. The Li-S02 is a military battery, and the Li-SOCl2 system is used to power automatic meter readers and for down-hole oil well logging. The lithium primary battery market is estimated to be about 1.5 billion in 2007. 

The Li-SOCl2 is produced in the spirally wound, jelly-roll configuration to power high rate applications, such as instrumentation for down-hole oil well logging to determine the characteristics of oil bearing strata. It is also produced in a low surface area, bobbin construction for low drain applications, such as automatic reading of home gas meters. 

It should be noted that this reaction is also used to provide rugged, durable commercial sources of 14 MeV neutrons for oil-well logging and scientific research. Similarly, deuterium-deuterium fusion provides sources of 2.5 MeV neutrons. 

Use Source of a-radiation and neutrons, instrument calibration, oil-well logging, moisture determination, power source. 

Industrial applications form a very broad field in which imaging as well as counting techniques are applied. We can mention X-ray tomography, oil well logging, process control, security systems, container inspection, mineral processing and coal analysis 17J. 

Logging wells on a contract basis Mud service, oil field drilling on a contract basis Oil sampling service for oil companies on a contract basis Oil well logging on a contract basis Perforating well casings on a contract basis... 

High-Temperature Cells. Specially designed hermetically sealed batteries have been developed for use at the high temperatures encountered, for example, by the oil-well logging industry, which uses down-hole tools operating to 150°C, the maximum temperature at which the Li/CuO cells can operate. 

The principal application of the actinide elements is in the production of nuclear energy. Although this is by far the most important use for any of the actinide elements, a surprising number of other uses have been found. These include the use of short-lived actinide isotopes as portable power supplies for satellites in ionization smoke detectors in the therapy of cancer in neutron radiography in mineral prospecting and oil-well logging as neutron sources in nuclear reactor start-up and as neutron sources in a variety of analytical procedures, the most important of which are neutron activation analysis and heavy-ion desorption mass spectroscopy. 

The radionuclide ameridum-241 emits alpha particles, which produce neutrons by an (a,n) nuclear reaction with light elements. A mixture of americium-241 with beryllium produces 1.0 x 10 neutrons per second per gram of Am. A large number of Am-Be sources are in daily use world-wide in oil-well logging operations to measure the amount of oil produced in a given period of time. These sources have also been used to measure the water content of soils, and to monitor process streams in industrial plants. Am itself has extensive uses in dissipating... 

All the possible applications of Cf neutron sources (neutron radiography, mineral exploration, marine exploration, oil well logging, process control analysis, and, of course, neutron activation analysis) are reported in Californium-252 Progress , a bulletin issued regularly by the U.S.A.E.C. Ricci and Handley have reported favourable results of the use of a 0.37 mg Cf for activation analysis. The source produced thermal, epi-thermal, and fast neutron fluxes of 9.3 x 10 , 9.4 x 10, and ca. 10 cm s respectively, normalized to 1 mg Cf. The limits of detection for many elements using thermal and fast reactions were estimated, these ranging from 0.11 mg of Au to 3.7 g of Pb by the ° Pb(n,n ) Pb reaction. Trombka et al. used a 125 fig source for the in situ analysis of extended soil seunples using both NaI(Tl) and Ge(Li) spectroscopy to measure capture y radiation the elements Mn, Ti, Si, Fe, H, and Ca were all identified. 

Cylindrical 1.5V batteries are available in 3.6Ah (type LCOI), 1.6Ah (type LC02) and 0.5Ah (type LC07). Applications of this type of cell include oil well logging equipment, microprocessors, telephone systems, public address systems, high-temperature heat counters, CMOS memory protection, telex systems, high-temperature devices and specialized industrial and military applications. Details of performance are given in Table 9.10. 

Vacquier, V., Mathieu, Y., I egendre, E., Blondin, E., 1988. Experiment on estimating thermal conductivity from oil well logging. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 72, 758-764. 

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