Oil embargo

The facilities for experimental work were poor, with inadequate wet laboratory space. In our discussions, I mentioned to Kaprielian my interest in significantly extending my previous work into the area of hydrocarbon chemistry. I felt that by establishing a strong program of basic research and graduate education in hydrocarbon chemistry, USC could become a leader in this important field. Because the memory of the first Arab oil embargo was still fresh, this struck a chord with Kaprielian, who felt that he could sell my research interest to the trustees and establish a Hydrocarbon Research Institute at USC that could accommodate me, as well as other chemistry faculty members whose interests could fit into its framework. 

Shale Oil. In the United States, shale oil, or oil derivable from oil shale, represents the largest potential source of Hquid hydrocarbons that can be readily processed to fuel Hquids similar to those derived from natural petroleum. Some countries produce Hquid fuels from oil shale. There is no such industry in the United States although more than 50 companies were producing oil from coal and shale in the United States in 1860 (152,153), and after the oil embargo of 1973 several companies reactivated shale-oil process development programs (154,155). Petroleum supply and price stabiHty has since severely curtailed shale oil development. In addition, complex environmental issues (156) further prohibit demonstration of commercial designs. 

Until the 1960s, reclaimed mbber was an important raw material in molded and extmded mbber products, eg, tires, mbber mats, and hard mbber battery cases. With the advent of vinyl, other plastics, and less expensive oil-extended synthetic polymers, reclaimed mbber sales stabilized and decreased. In 1973, the oil embargo and rising energy costs increased costs of the energy-intensive mbber reclaiming process to the point where they matched virgin polymer costs. Increased radial tire production required crack resistance that could not be provided by reclaimed mbber compounds (46). 

Other Methods of Preparation. In addition to the direct hydration process, the sulfuric acid process, and fermentation routes to manufacture ethanol, several other processes have been suggested. These include the hydration of ethylene by dilute acids, the hydrolysis of ethyl esters other than sulfates, the hydrogenation of acetaldehyde, and the use of synthesis gas. None of these methods has been successfilUy implemented on a commercial scale, but the route from synthesis gas has received a great deal of attention since the 1974 oil embargo. 

Table 1 describes the ensuing legislation that was promulgated to promote energy efficient construction as a result of the Arab oil embargo. 

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil embargo in 1973 resulted in... 

Advances in materials science have been a leading factor contributing to improvements in vehicle fuel economy and performance since the 1973 oil embargo. Better tire materials have reduced rolling resistance, better materials for moving parts have reduced friction, and most importantly lighter body parts have reduced the overall weight of vehicles. 

Oil discovered in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The United States, Britain, and the Netherlands put an oil embargo on Japan after it takes over Indonesia. 

Petroleum Exporting Countries declares an oil embargo prices rise to nearly 12 a barrel from 3. 

Because of the Arab oil embargo of 1973 and the subsequent increase in energy costs, U.S. energy growth decreased and U.S. nuclear capacity has increased from forty to only a hundred and ten plants. The point is that although the need disappeared, there was little doubt that tens of nuclear plants per year could be installed in just the U.S. and there is little doubt that world wide, the construction of a hundred new plants per year can be accomplished. 

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