Octane number motor, research

Research Octane Number Motor Octane Number... 

Figure 2. Effect of ferrocene (upper curves) upon the octane number of gasoline (average through 50 brands of gasoline and motor fuels) motor octane number (MON) research octane number (RON). The MON corresponds to high rotational speed, the RON corresponds to the engine acceleration [12].

Octane numbers. The research method involves performance on a research engine at 600 rpm, simulating city driving, and the motor method at 900 rpm, simulating highway performance of the fuel. 

The 14 billion dollars plus to be invested in the United States refineries are partly to replace and partly to supplement the existing property and plant equipment valued in 1955 at about 29 billion dollars. It has not always been noted that this figure already represents 23% of the total property, plant, and equipment owned by all the United States manufacturing corporations (f). These figures are impressive, but the reason behind them is the cost of catalytic processes. Capital expenditure for a 100,000-bbl./day modern refinery to make 97-R.O.N. (research octane number) motor gasoline is about 900 per barrel of crude capacity (Table... 

The use of NIR with fiber optics has also been reported for online monitoring of fuel quality parameters, such as research octane number, motor octane numbei olefin, naphthene and aromatics content of gasoline. The online analysis of the fuel quality parameters was obtained without loss of precision and accuracy when compared with the traditional motor test. 

Measurement of octane numbers is carried out using a reference motor called CFR (Cooperative Fuel Research), referring to a series of studies conducted in 1928 in the United States in order to standardize the methods for characterizing motor fuels. 

There are two standard procedures for determining the octane numbers Research or FI and the Motor or F2 methods. The corresponding numbers are designated as RON (Research Octane Number) and MON (Motor Octane Number) which have become the international standard. 

As a complementary process to reforming, isomerization converts normal paraffins to iso-paraffins, either to prepare streams for other conversions nCi —> /C4 destined for alkylation or to increase the motor and research octane numbers of iight components in the gasoiine pooi, i.e., the C5 or Cs-Ce fractions from primary distillation of the crude, or light gasoline from conversion processes, having low octane numbers. 

RON = research octane number MON = motor octane number. 

The CER engine is operated at two conditions to simulate typical on-road driving conditions. The less severe condition measures research octane number (RON) the more severe one measures motor octane number (MON). Table 1 summarizes the operating conditions for each test. 

Parameter Research octane number (ASTM D2699) Motor octane number (ASTM D2700)... 

Saturation of olefins other than reactive olefins usually is not desired. The added hydrogen is often expensive or useful elsewhere, and it does not provide any real improvement in product quality. Acmally, product quality may be reduced in the case of gasolines. Research octane number losses may be correlated with increasing olefin saturation. So in many cases, hydrodesulfurization conditions are selected with an eye toward minimizing olefin saturation over and above that needed for product quality improvement. There is one exception saturation of certain olefins shows substantial improvements in Motor octane number. This is true for iso- and n-pentenes and to a lesser extent for higher boiling isoolefins. The higher n-olefins show octane losses upon saturation. 

Volume of olefin/(volume of ionic liquid.hour). i-C = 2,2- and 2,3-dimethylbutanes, i-Cg = isooctanes, TMP trimethylpentanes, = hydrocarbon products with more than eight carbon atoms, Light ends = hydrocarbon products with fewer than eight carbon atoms, RON = research octane number, MON = motor octane number... 

Two octane numbers are routinely used to simulate engine performance the research octane number (RON) simulates gasoline performance under low severity ( 600 rpm and 120°F (49°C) air temperature), whereas the motor octane number (MON) reflects more severe conditions ( 900 rpm and 300°F (149°C) air temperature). At the pump, road octane, which is the average of RON and MON, is reported. 

After bauxite treatment the product was fractionated to produce C3-C4 and naphtha (C5-204°C) fractions. The C3-C4 olefin-rich gas was oligomerized over a solid phosphoric acid (SPA) catalyst to produce an unhydrogenated polymer gasoline with a research octane number (RON) of 95 and MON of 82.21 The bauxite-treated FT motor gasoline (RON of 87, MON of 76) was mixed with the polymer gasoline and some natural gas condensates (and crude-oil-derived naphtha) to produce the final motor gasoline product. In this respect it is noteworthy that the Fe-HTFT-derived material was the high-octane-blend stock. 

Fig. 14 Hydrogenolysis on metal catalysts product from ring opening reactions of Cl ring contraction compounds and their corresponding research octane number and motor octane number. Adapted from ref. 100.

Table 12.2 Research and motor octane numbers (RON, MON) of C5-C7 alkane isomers.

Now there are two octane scales, a research octane number (RON) and a motor octane number (MON). RON values reflect performance at 600 rpm, 125°F, and low speed. MON is a performance index of driving with 900 rpm, 300°F, and high speed. Before 1973 RON values were the ones usually... 

World-Wide there is approximately 1000 tons of fluid cracking catalyst manufactured each day. Of this, about 35% contains some form of aluminum deficient zeolite Y, one whose SiOz/AlaOa ratio exceeds 5.5 1, and whose performance is generally characterized by enhanced olefin formation and higher gasoline research and motor octane number. The aluminum deficient... 

Gasoline quality is largely determined by motor and research octane numbers. There is a strong correlation between octane and the structure of the Cs to C12 hydrocarbons typically present in gasoline, Table I. For paraffins, octane decreases as molecular weight increases and increases with degree of branching. The same is true of olefins. 

FCC Gasoline. The produced light FCC gasoline typically contains a mixture of paraffins, olefins, and aromatic compounds in a ratio of around 5 3 2. This ratio will often vary depending upon feedstock, catalyst quality, and reactor parameters. The research octane number of FCC gasoline will typically be much higher than the motor octane number. 

Engine knock is measured by two ASTM methods, ASTM D-2699 and D-2700. Method ASTM D-2699 is identified as the research octane number (RON) and method ASTM D-2700 is identified as the motor octane number (MON). The primary differences between these two methods are summarized in TABLE 3-3. 

TABLE 3-3. Research Octane Number and Motor Octane Number Test Parameters... 

Both motor octane number (MON) and research octane number (RON) values of finished fuel blends are measured using the whole fuel, not individual fuel fractions. However, the octane number contribution of the various fuel fractions can influence the overall knock resistance. Finished fuels with identical RON values may contain fractions with either very similar or widely different octane number values. 

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