Occidental

In 1989 chlorine was produced by 25 companies at 52 locations in the United States (Table 4). Approximately half of these plants are located in the Southeast (Eig. 2). Two companies, Dow Chemical USA and Occidental Chemical Corporation, accounted for 54.3% of the total operating capacity the top five companies accounted for 77.5%. Although 0.8 million tons per year of chlorine capacity is presendy idle (Table 4), announced expansions are expected to bring an additional 660,000 t of new chlorine capacity onstream by 1992, increasing total capacity by about 6%/yr (Table 5). 

Occidental Chemical Corp. Convent, La. 278.5 1981 OxyTech MDC55 diaphragm 1... 

Oy Tech MonopolarE,lectroly rs. OxyTech Systems (a joint venture company of Occidental Chemical and Eltech Systems) suppHes monopolar diaphragm electrolyzers of two designs the OxyTech "Hooker" H-Type (27,28) shown in Figure 11 and the "Diamond" MDC-Type (28,29) in Figure 12. 

Most of the voltage savings in the air cathode electrolyzer results from the change in the cathode reaction and a reduction in the solution ohmic drop as a result of the absence of the hydrogen bubble gas void fraction in the catholyte. The air cathode electrolyzer operates at 2.1 V at 3 kA/m or approximately 1450 d-c kW-h per ton of NaOH. The air cathode technology has been demonstrated in commercial sized equipment at Occidental Chemical s Muscle Shoals, Alabama plant. However, it is not presentiy being practiced because the technology is too expensive to commercialize at power costs of 20 to 30 mils (1 mil = 0.1 /kW). 

Tilak V. Bommaraju Constance B. Hansson Occidental Chemical Corporation... 

Company and country are as foUows Ajiuomoto Co., Inc., Japan (AC) Asabi Denka Kogyo KK, Japan (AD) CECA, SA, France (CECA) Dover Chemical, United States (DC) Hoechst AG, Germany (HAG) Hbls, Germany (H) ICI, United Kingdom (ICI) Keil Chemical Div., Ferro Corp., United States (KC), Nissei Chemical Industries Co., Japan (NCI) Occidental Chemical Corp., United States (OCC) Tosoh Corp., Japan (TC). 

Company and country are as follows Monsanto, United States (MO) Nippon Soda Co., Inc., Japan (NS) Occidental Chemical, United States (OC) Velsicol, United States (V). 

Material safety data sheets from Dover Chemical (D), Occidental Chemical Corp. (OC), and Velsicol Chemical Co. (V). ... 

From about 1815, fast vessels gave Salem, Massachusetts a virtual monopoly of the pepper trade with Sumatra. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the spice trade began to play a secondary role ia economic and pohtical influence. The demand for spices ia the United States directed the shift of the occidental spice center to New York while the oriental center was at Siagapore. 

Dichlon)ben tnflmnde fOXSOL 1000), data sheet no. 343, 588, MSDS No. M29478, Occidental Chemical Co., Niagara Falls, N.Y., Jan. 16, 1992. 

Occidental Petroleum Coal Conversion Process. Garrett R D Co. (now the Occidental Research Co.) developed the Oxy Coal Conversion process based on mathematical simulation for heating coal particles in the pyrolysis unit. It was estimated that coal particles of 100-mm diameter could be heated throughout their volumes to decomposition temperature (450—540°C) within 0.1 s. A large pilot faciUty was constmcted at LaVeme, California, in 1971. This unit was reported to operate successfully at feed rates up to 136 kg/h (3.2 t/d). 

Larch Gum. Larch gum [37320-79-9] (larch arabinogalactan) is obtained by water extraction of the western larch tree, iLarix occidentalism the heartwood of which contains 5—35% on a dry wood basis. In the early 1960s, a countercurrent hot water extraction system was developed, and the gum was produced commercially by the St. Regis Paper Co. under the trade name Stractan. The potential production capacity of this gum is 10,000 t/yr based on the wood residues from the lumber industry. However, the product could not compete with gum arabic, and commercial production is now limited to small batches for a specific medical appHcation. 

U.S. phenoHc resin manufacturers include AHiedSignal Inc./Bendix Ashland Chemical, Inc. Borden, Inc. Dexter Corp. Dyno Polymers Georgia-Pacific Corp. Neste Resins Corp. Occidental Chemical Corp. Owens-Corning Corp. Plastics Engineering Co. PMC, Inc. Resinoid Engineering... 

Occidental Chemical Corp. 109 Casde Hayne, N.C. sodium dichromate... 

Economic Aspects. The price of sulfur dichloride was 0.26 /kg bulk ia 1995. Akzo Nobel is the only U.S. producer with merchant sales. Whereas some companies stiH produce sulfur dichloride for captive use (158), Occidental Chemical Company ended sulfur dichloride production ialate 1993. 

Economic Aspects. The tmddoad price of sulfuryl chloride in mid-1995 was l/kg. Occidental Chemical Company (Niagara Falls, New York) is the only merchant producer. A large amount is made and used captively by DuPont for manufacture of chlorosulfonated elastomer. 

Sulfur Products Handbook on Sulfur Monochloride and Sulfur Chloride, Bulletin SPE-SUL-HB 10/9, Oxychem Basic Chemicals Group, Occidental Chemical Corp., Dallas, Tex., 1993, p. 3. 

E. J. Diaan and J. E. Bieron,M Survey ofPeactions of Ehionyl Chloride, Sulfuryl Chloride and Sulfur Chlorides, Occidental Chemical Corp., Niagara EaUs, N.Y., 1990. 

U.S. producers of benzene from petroleum and their approximate production capacities are shown in Table 5. These figures are inexact because the size of the market and instabiUty of benzene prices causes frequent changes in capacity. Dow Chemical, with total armual benzene capacity of 8.3 x 10 t (250 million gallons) is the largest producer in the United States. Other companies with total domestic capacity of over 3.3 x 10 t (100 million gallons) per year are Amoco Corp., Lyondell, British Petroleum America, Chevron, Exxon Chemical, Occidental Petroleum, Shell Oil, and Mobil. These companies account for approximately 60% of total U.S. benzene capacity (65). 

Semicommercial production of 3,3/4,4 -biphenyltetracarboxyhc dianhydride [2420-87-3] in the United States has been announced by Occidental Chemical Corp. (74). This polyimide resin intermediate is prepared by dehalogenative dimerization of 4-chlorophthalate salts (75) or by oxidative coupling of phthalate esters (76). 

CHLORIC ACID AND CHLORATES Occidental Chemical Taft, La. Total United States 55 Eka Nobel Saskatoon Chem. St. Anne Chem. Stanchem (PPG) 630 Total Canada VaUeyfield, Que. Saskatoon, Sask Nackawick, N.B. Beauhamois, Que. Vol no 45 10 41 872... 

Production and sales data for methyl chloride, as reported by the U.S. International Trade Commission for the years 1945 to 1989, are given in Table 3. Production grew tremendously in the 1960s and again in the late 1980s. Methanol hydrochlorination was used to produce about 64% of the methyl chloride in 1969 and about 98% by 1974. The principal U.S. producers and their capacities are shown in Table 4 (54). These capacities do not include the 100 + million kg per year used by The Dow Chemical Company, Occidental, and Vulcan to captively produce other chloromethanes. 

Occidental Chemical ISlorth A.merica United States... 

The first systematic study of the reaction of chlorine with toluene was carried out in 1866 by Bedstein and Geitner. During the next 40 years, many studies were performed to isolate and identify the various chlorination products (1). During the early 1930s, Hooker Electrochemical Co. (Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp.) and the Heyden Chemical Corp. (Tenneco) began the manufacture of chlorotoluenes. Hooker Electrochemical Co. was later acquired by Occidental Petroleum Corp. and became the Occidental Chemical Corp. In the mid-1970s, Heyden exited chlorotoluenes production Occidental thus is the sole U.S. producer of chlorotoluenes. 

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