Obsessive control

A t-bar that is curved in a concave shape, much like a shallow saucer. The stronger the curve, the more self-control is being implemented. An nmbrella shape signifies the person is obsessively controlling an action. 

Destructive worry can lead to compulsive overparenting where parents drive themselves and their only child crazy with excessive needs for control. Parents can chain worry "If you flunk this class then maybe you ll flunk others, then maybe you ll drop out of school, and then maybe you ll end up living on the street " Parents can ask crazy questions (questions for which there are no answers) "How do you know for sure you won t get hit by a drunk driver and get killed " Parents can obsessively control "You re not... 

Obsessive-compulsive disorders Erythrocytes from patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have significantly higher calpain activities than normal controls which could not be attributed to differences in memory function46... 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Certainly the name suggests that OCD and OCPD are closely related. This is actually somewhat misleading. With OCD, the obsessions are intrusive and distressful (i.e., ego dystonic) thoughts that lead the patient to develop rituals (i.e., compulsions) to alleviate the resultant anxiety. With OCPD, we use the term obsession in a somewhat different way. The OCPD patient is not necessarily prone to obsessions in the form of intrusive thoughts instead, they display a perfectionistic preoccupation with detail that characterizes their obsessionality. Furthermore, this obsessionality is ego-syntonic. Patients with OCPD purposefully harbor these obsessions in an effort to exert control over themselves and their environment. 

NS normal saline NSAID nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug NSCLC non small cell lung cancer NSS normal saline solution NYHA New York Heart Association OAB overactive bladder OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder OCP oral contraceptive pill (birth control pills)... 

There are also very few controlled family studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Two of the three studies (Pauls et al. 1995) reported familial relative risks of 3-4, whereas a third study (Black et al. 1992) found no evidence for familial aggregation. Nestadt et al. (2000) found that both an early age of onset and obsessions, but not compulsion were associated with greater familiality. Twin studies have yielded weak evidence for heritability of obsessive-compulsive disorder (Bellodi et al. 1992 Carey and Gottesman 1981 Lenane et al. 1990). 

The efficacy of benzodiazepines in most anxiety disorders has been proved through extensive clinical experience and controlled trials (Faravelli et al. 2003), although it is important to note that they are not effective at treatingpost-traumatic stress disorder or comorbid depression, and there is less evidence to support their use in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Their anxiolytic effects have an immediate onset and in contrast to many other drugs, they do not cause a worsening of anxiety when therapy is initiated. 

Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, Gecici O (2002) Quetiapine augmentation in patients with treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 17 115-119... 

McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, Lee NC, Heninger GR, Price LH (1994) Haloperi-dol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 302-308... 

Leckman, J.F., Goodman, W.K., North, W.G., Chappell, P.B., Price, L.H., Pauls, D.L., Anderson, G.M., Riddle, M.A., McSwiggan-Hardin, M., McDougle, C.J., et al. (1994) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of oxytocin in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison with Tourette s syndrome and healthy controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 782-792. 

Lucey, J.V., Costa, D.C., Busatto, G., Pilowsky, L.S., Marks, I.M., Ell, P.J., and Kerwin, R.W. (1997). Caudate regional cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and healthy controls on single photon emission computerised tomography. Psychiatry Res 74 25-33. 

Chappell, P., Leckman, J., Goodman, W., Bissette, G., Pauls, D., Anderson, G., Riddle, M., Scahill, L., McDougle, C., and Cohen, D. (1996) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor in Tourette s syndrome comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 39 776-783. 

Can antidepressants such as tricyclics or buproprion augment the effect of stimulants on nondepressed children with ADHD Randomized controlled trials have yet to address this question. Nonetheless, such combinations are common in clinical practice. One case report showed leukopenia in a child treated with a combination of MPH and tricyclics for 4 months, although the doses were not specified (Burke et ah, 1995). Another case report indicated that obsessive-compulsive symptoms developed secondary to the combination of MPH and tricyclics (Pataki et ah, 1993). On a cautionary note, MPH has been found to interact with guanethidine to produce paradoxical hypotension. Patients on monoamine oxidose (MAO) inhibitors are likely to develop hypertensive crises if given a stimulant. 

Kurlan, R., Como, P.G., Deeley, C., McDermott, M., McDermott, M.P. (1993) A pilot controlled study of fluoxetine for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children with Tourette s syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol 16 167-172. 

B., Riesenberg, R., Rosenthal, M., Sallee, F.R., Wagner, K.D., and Steiner, H. (1998) Sertraline in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder a multicenter randomized controlled trial. JAMA 280 1752-1756. 

McDougle, C.J., Kresch, I.E., Goodman, W.K., Naylor, S.T, Volk-mar, F.R., Cohen, D.J., and Price L.H. (1995) A case-controlled study of repetitive thoughts and behavior in adults with autistic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152 772-777. 

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