Nutrient leaching

Erosion, nutrient leaching and pollution emission Landscape homogenisation... 

Conventional farming systems are often associated with nutrient leaching from arable lands and ground water pollution (Hansen et al. 2000). Application of farm... 

Nutrient leaching to groundwater and Volume and choice of fertilisers rate, timing, methods... 

What meaning did the participants derive from the model The resource use dimension was best understood in terms of land use, which was observable in the crop rotations on each farm. Intensive rotations extract more in products sold to markets, while extensive crop rotations favour soil fertility, anticipatory handling of pests, and less nutrient leaching, which is the main environmental problem of Finnish agriculture. Extensive rotations are less risky... 

Detection in forest groundwater seldom occurs with the triazines due to infrequent use. In addition, forest soils are typically high in organic matter and tend to bind triazine molecules until they degrade in place. Very little nutrient leaching occurs from rich forest ecosystems due to the very active processes in place for retaining a variety of elements and compounds that would otherwise be moderately mobile (Miller and Newton, 1983). 

Critical loads to forest soils have been proposed for the deposition of total nitrogen, total sulfur, and total acidity. Critical loads models assume that indirect effects occur on trees via changes in soil chemistry. However, there exist important direct and indirect impacts of wet and dry deposition on leaves and needles with regard to photosynthesis, nutrient leaching, stomatal function, and leaf surface properties. The values for critical loads are influenced by precipitation, elevation, soil texture, and base cation deposition. 

Kroes, J.G. and Rijtema, P.E. (1 998) ANIM0 3.5 Users Guide for the ANIMO Version 3.5 Nutrient Leaching Model. Technical Document 45, DLO Winard Staring Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 

Indirect effects on leaf surface microflora resulting from shifts in pH or nutrient leaching, and causing shifts in competitive microflora. 

Anions Actual, for water and wastewater treatment potential, for pesticide and nutrient leaching control Appropriate organic modification Charge... 

Soils are highly used and abused natural resources. For example, farmers who employ conventional crop production methods cultivate the soils each year, and if they routinely apply more than the recommended amounts of nutrient fertilizers, this could lead to overfertilization. In rainy areas, the excess nutrients leach down to the aquifer and run off horizontally, polluting the surface water and groundwater. In arid regions, the excess nutrients facilitate the development of saline soils. Annual cultivation of soil... 

The establishment of Italian ryegrass in maize stubble can provide valuable additional grazing, as well as reducing, to some extent, the risk of soil erosion and nutrient leaching after harvest. Where only a non-residual herbicide, such as bromoxynil has been used for post-emergence weed control, it has also been possible to establish Italian ryegrass undersown in forage maize. 

This is particularly true for forest sites at higher elevations where capture of cloud droplets account for higher depositon rates (Unsworth and Crossley, 1987). Due to evaporation, the chemical concentrations of intercepted cloud water may further increase to values that are larger than those measured in cloud droplets themselves (Unsworth, 1984). It was shown by Joslin et al. (1988) and Waldman and Hoffmann (1988) that acidic cloud water may increase nutrient leaching substantially the former... 

Foster, N.W. and Nicolson, J.A. 1988. Acid deposition and nutrient leaching from deciduous vegetation and podzolic soils at the Turkey Lakes Watershed. Can, J, Fish, Aquat, Sci, 45 (Suppl. 1) 96-100. 

Similar to the use of woody biomass, the development of bioenergy production from dedicated crops will be based on the positive impact on the farmed landscape and biodiversity. Bioenergy crops have to be cultivated to minimize soil erosion and compaction, nutrients leaching into ground and surface water, water abstraction, pesticide pollution and fire risk, and to enhance rural development (lEA, 2006). 

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