Bioenergy production

The sources of biofuels and the methods for bioenergy production are too numerous for an exliaustive list to be described in detail here. Instead, electricity production using direct combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, and digester gas, and two transportation biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel, are discussed below. 

Ceotto E (2009) Grasslands for bioenergy production. A review. In Lichtfouse E, Navarrete M, Debaeke P, Souchere V, Alberola C (eds) Sustainable agriculture. Springer, pp 141-151. DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8 ll... 

Table 1 Bioenergy production potentials for selected biomass types in 2050. (Adapted from Hunt [2]).

Biocatalysis presents the advantages of high specificity, efficiency, energy conservation, and pollution reduction. Therefore, Biocatalysis and biotechnology are increasingly important for bioenergy production. 

The sky-rocketing crude oil prices in recent years and the continuous exploitation of fossil fuels demand that we make serious efforts toward sustainable biofuel and bioenergy production. Renewable energy derived from plant-based feedstocks, organic residues, and biowastes is expected to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the rural economy (Schmer et al., 2008). In the United States, liquid biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel are primarily derived... 

In this study, we do not evaluate bioenergy potential from pasture, other land (such as desert, tundra, and residential area), and the water (the sea and fresh water) numerically. The reasons are as follows. (1) The great portion of biomass production (except feed use) in pasture area must be reserved for natural fertilizer in the own area [3j. (2) The productivity of biomass on other land is small. (3) Fishery catch has already hit the ceiling [9], (4) It is considered that bioenergy production from the water (such as giant kelp) is diflicult by the reason of the high costs [10]. 

Soltes, E.J. Thermochemical processes for bioenergy production. In Biomass Energy Development. Smith, W.H., Ed., Plenum Press New York, 1986, 321. 

Example 5 National energy use, bioenergy production and emissions of greenhouse gases... 

R is the ratio between energy production and net energy use calculated as the fossil energy use minus the bioenergy production. 

In the present situation, significant bioenergy production, primarily from combustion of straw and from biogas extracted from slurry, takes place in Denmark (Figure 4). This should be deducted from the energy used for crop production. However, the potential for further bioenergy... 

Ngomo, H.N. (2004). Opportunity for Investment in Sustainable Bioenergy Production in Countries in the Central African Sub-Region The Case of Cameroon. Proceedings of World Bioenergy, Jonkoping, Sweden. (June, 2-4,2004), pp. 37-38... 

Achterbosch T, Bartehngs H, van Berkum S, van Meijl H, Tabeau A, Woltjer G. The effects of bioenergy production on food security. In Rutz D, Janssen R, editors. Socio-economic impacts of bioenergy production. Springer 2014. 

BioEnergy Research. 2008-. New Yoik Springer New York EEC (1939-1234). Online SpringerEink (1939-1242). This new journal publishes in the area of feedstock biology research related to biomass, biofuels, and bioenergy production. 

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