Nuclear expression

Kaiso Contains POZ domain and three Zn-fingers binds methylated DNA in a sequence specific context via Zn-fingers Inhibits transcription in vitro and in vivo partner of pi20 cathenin when localized to the cytoplasm Cytoplasmic and nuclear expressed in somatic tissues and in ES cells... 

In 1962, J. Gurdon took this type of experiment one step further by showing that adult frogs could be developed by injecting enucleated eggs with nuclei from the intestinal epithelium of tadpoles. The success frequency was much lower than when nuclei from earlier stages of development were used. Nevertheless, such results showed the influence of the cytoplasm on nuclear expression they also demonstrated that in certain cases nuclei already tentatively com-... 

Three basic types of cataract extraction are available intracapsular cataract extraction, exttacapsular cataract extraction with nuclear expression, and extracapsular cataract extraction with phacoemulsification-aspiration. Intraocular lens (lOL) implantation typically is performed at the time of cataract extraction to help correct postoperative refractive error. Extracapsular cataract extraction with phacoemulsification-aspiration is the predominant surgery today, whereas the relative numbers of planned extracapsular cataract extraction, and particularly intracapsular cataract extraction, procedures have diminished. 

S-100 protein in their lipoblastic elements. As mentioned earlier in this discussion, dedifferentiated liposarcomas often show strong nuclear expression of MDM2, usually with CDK4. The high mobility group A2... 

FIGURE 6.5 PAX5 shows weak nuclear expression in ciassic RS ceiis and more intense expression in normai B ceiis. 

Ovarian serous carcinomas demonstrate diffuse strong WTl nuclear expression. 

FIGURE 9.3 p63 nuclear expression of spindle cell. Note expression in overlying squamous epithelium. (p63, x200 original magnification.)... 

FIGURE 9.13 Myogenin nuclear expression in rhabdomyosarcoma of sinonasal tract. (Myogenin, xl 00 original magnification.)... 

Garcia-Rostan G, Camp RL, Herreo A, et al. Beta catenin dys-regulation in thyroid neoplasms Down regrrlation, aberrant nuclear expression, and CTNNBl exon 3 mutations are markers for aggressive trrmor phenotypes and poor prognosis. Am J Pathol. 2001 158 987-996. 

Til. Gill AJ, Clarkson A, Gimm O, et al. Loss of nuclear expression of parafibromin distinguishes parathyroid carcinomas and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor associated adenomas from sporadic parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasias. Am Surg Pathol. 2006 30 1140-1149. 

Saito T, Oda Y, Tanaka K, et al. beta-catenin nuclear expression correlates with cyclin D1 overexpression in sporadic desmoid tumours. J Pathol. 2001 195 222-228. 

Abnormal cytoplasmic/nuclear expression of p-catenin, as well as loss of membrane staining and/or abnormal nuclear staining for E-cadherin, combined with CD10 and progesterone receptor positivity, can be used to confirm the diagnosis of SPN even in small biopsy specimens. 

Cytoplasmic/nuclear expression of p-catenin is consistent in SPN but uncommon in PENs. In contrast, most PENS show diffuse strong labeling for chromogranin and keratins, whereas virtually all SPNs are negative for these markers. 

Nuclear expression of pancreatic duodenal homeo-box-1 (PDX-1) and neuroendocrine secretory pro-teln-55 (a new addition to the chromogranin family, NESP-55), especially If coupled with negative CDX-2 and TTF-1, would favor pancreatic origin. 

Tanaka Y, Kato K, Notohara K, et al. Significance of aberrant (cytoplasmic/nuclear) expression of beta-catenin in pancreatoblastoma. J Pathol. 2003 199 185-190. 

Kim MJ, Jang SJ, Yu E. Loss of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic-nuclear expression of beta-catenin are the most useful immuno-profiles in the diagnosis of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas. Hum Pathol. 2008 39 251-258. 

Overexpression of the FLI-1 protein resulting from the translocation between the EWS and FLI-1 genes is observed in 71% to 100% of EWS/PNET, but the nuclear expression is not specific to the EWS/PNET group of tumors. In these circumstances, it is critical to include the clinical assessment of the patient along with other markers in the diagnostic panel. 

Einally, it should be noted that while many serous adenocarcinomas of endometrium resemble ovarian serous carcinomas, there are some important differences. We will discuss these differences in the Ovary section. The most important of these is infrequent WTl expression in endometrial serous carcinomas (seen in at most 20% to 30% of such cases) and the very common diffuse nuclear expression of WTI in ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal examples (at least 70% to 80% of such cases). 

FIGURE 18 15 p53 and Ki-67 can be useful for distinguishing endometrial surface metaplastic and degenerative changes from endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC). EIC (A-Q contrasts with metaplastic-degenerative change (D-F) by virtue of uniform and intense nuclear expression for p53 (B versus E) and Ki-67 (C versus F) in EIC. 

Nuclear expression HNF-113 may emerge as a specific marker for endometrial and ovarian clear cell carcinoma. 

A positive cut-off of 1% should be adopted under nuclear expression, and results should be semi-quantitated with the percentage of cells staining and their intensity. 

In conclusion, plastid-based expression systems provide for potentially higher expression levels than the majority of nuclear expression systems, and with a higher level of transgene containment, but the platform provides limited post-translational processing choices. Also, despite reports of successful plastid transformation of new species beyond Nicotiana, the choice of production host is stiU predominantly restricted to the Nicotiana family. However, this hmita-tion does not present a serious drawback for production of pharmaceutical proteins (except perhaps for edible vaccines ) since tobacco is a non-feed/non-food crop with a weU-estabhshed agriculture. 

Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Thompson J, Rodriguez MS, Bachelerie F, Thomas D, Hay RT Inducible nuclear expression of newly synthesized IkB- negatively regulates DNA-binding and transcriptional activities of NF-kB. Mol Cell Biol 1995 15 2689-2696. 

---