Vaccine, edible

BONN D (2002) Edible vaccines tackle mucosal infections head on. Lancet Infect Dis. 2 263. 

Chloroplast Derived Antibodies, Biopharmaceuticals and Edible Vaccines... 

Chloroplast Derived Antibodies, Biopharmaceuticals and Edible Vaccines 8.3.3.3 Yersinia pestis Fl-V Fusion Antigen... 

Researchers from the University of Maryland in Baltimore (Maryland), the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research in Ithaca (New York), and Tulane University in New Orleans (Louisiana) have performed the hrst human trial of edible vaccine. Potatoes were genetically engineered to produce a diarrhea-causing toxin secreted by the bacterium Escherichia coli. 

Research on other edible vaccines is in the pipeline (1) potatoes and bananas that might protect against Norwalk virus, a common cause of diarrhea, and (2) potatoes and tomatoes that might protect against hepatitis B. 

The WHO met in January 2005 and set up guidelines for plant-derived vaccines, including the disposal of waste materials. The meeting concluded that the present guidelines on traditional vaccine development and evaluation can be applied to edible vaccines. 

Thanavala Y, Mahoney M, Pal S, Scott A, Richter L, Natarajan N, Goodwin P, Amtzen CJ, Mason HS. (2005) Immunogeiucity in humans of an edible vaccine for hepatitis B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 3378-3382. 

Chowdhury, K. and Bagasra, O. (2007). An edible vaccine for malaria using transgenic tomatoes of varying sizes, shapes and colors to carry different antigens. Med. Flypotheses 68(1) 22-30. 

Daniell, H., Streatfleld, S.J., and Wycoff, K. (2001). Medical molecular farming production of antibodies, biopharmaceuticals and edible vaccines in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 6(5) 219-226. 

Azhar, A.M., Singh, S., Anand Kumar, R, and Bhutnagar, R. (2002). Expression of protective antigen in transgenic plants a step towards an edible vaccine against anthrax. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299(3) 345-351. 

---