Noryl properties

Property AST M test ABS Noryl a Nylon b P< Polyeste d r HD PE Polypropyle ne High impact polystyrene Polyurethane PV C... 

Property ASTM method Noryl SelOo " Prevex vqa Noryl GFN3""... 

Blends of ABS with polycarbonates have been available for several years (e.g. Bayblend by Bayer and Cycoloy by Borg-Wamer). In many respects these polymers have properties intermediate to the parent plastics materials with heat distortion temperatures up to 130°C. They also show good impact strength, particularly at low temperatures. Self-extinguishing and flame retarding grades have been made available. The materials thus provide possible alternatives to modified poly(phenylene oxides) of the Noryl type described in Chapter 21. (See also sections 16.16 and 20.8.)... 

Property ASTM method Noryl Sel00b Prevex VQAC Noryl GFN3b,d... 

Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) or Polyphenylene ether (PPE) is an amorphous polymer with a softening temperature of about 210 °C. To improve its processability it is mostly blended with PS (modified PPE, e.g. Noryl ), which is at the cost of its heat distortion temperature. The properties are excellent the applications are mainly in fine-mechanical construction, in automotive parts, in household equipment etc. 

Blends of polymers are manufactured and applied at an increasing scale. Only in exceptional cases are polymers soluble in each other and can form a homogeneous blend (an example PPE + PS, a blend known as Noryl ). In most cases blends are, therefore, dispersions. Rubber particles are dispersed in brittle polymers to improve their impact strength (toughened PS and PP, ABS etc.), but also hard polymers are combined to reach a favourable compromise between properties (and price). 

Property ASTM test ABS NORYL High-impact polystyrene ... 

Compatible Polyblends. When the polymeric materials are compatible in all ratios, and/or all are soluble in each other, they are generally termed polyalloys. Very few pairs of polymers are completely compatible. The best known example is the polyblend of polyCphenylene oxide) (poly-2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) with high-impact polystyrene (41). which is sold under the trade name of Noryl. It is believed that the two polymers have essentially identical solubility parameters. Other examples include blends of amorphous polycaprolactone with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and butadiene/acrylonitrile rubber with PVC the compatibility is a result of the "acid-base" interaction between the polar substituents (1 ). These compatible blends exhibit physical properties that are intermediate to those of the components. 

Perhaps the best known member of the "heat-resistant" styrene plastics family is General Electric s Noryl (34). Noryl is an alloy of poly(phenylene oxide) and high-impact polystyrene. Heat deflection temperatures for Noryl range as high as 300 °F. The balance of mechanical properties is excellent, although processability is more difficult than for conventional styrene plastics. 

The first applications were those requiring autoclaving (medical equipment) or outstanding electrical properties at elevated temperatures. As compounding, stabilization, and processing skills improved, markets for Noryl expanded to Include office equipment, electronic components, automotive parts, water distribution systems, and general metal replacement. 

Many of the practical examples of miscible blends involve poly(vinylchloride) including those with butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers2), possibly the first put into use, and various poly acrylates and vinyl acetate copolymers3,4) which are extensively used in PVC formulations at present. Others involve high performance engineering plastics such as blends of polystyrene with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (Noryl )5). In some cases a useful compromise or averaging of properties can be obtained whereas in others a useful combination of different desirable properties can be achieved. 

ASTM PROPERTY TEST METHOD UNITS NORYL SPN410 GEC NORYL SPN420 GEC NORYL 731 GEC NORYL N300 GEC... 

Property ASTM method Noryl SelOO Prevex vqa" Noryl GFN3 > ... 

A limitation is, however, encountered with Noryl resins indeed, because PS is a very brittle material, their impact strength decreases when the percentage of PS is raised [37]. To circumvent this problem, rubbers are added to Noryl resins to increase the toughness [39]. Thanks to the exceptional blending properties of PPO , numerous mixed materials have been developed, for instance, with diallyl phthalates, polysulfone, acrylates, coumarone-indene, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [39]. It has also been shown that PPO could be blended with styrene-butadiene block copolymers, hence allowing to expand the temperature of use of the resulting materials [40]. Accordingly, the combination of various... 

The range of Noryl blends available comprises a broad spectrum of materials superior in many respects, particularly heat deformation resistance, to the general purpose thermoplastics but at a lower price than the more heat resistant materials such as polycarbonates, polyphenylene sulfides, and polysulfones (discussed later). The materials that come close to them in properties are the... 

Noryl, for example, is composed of polystyrene, an inexpensive polymer, and polyfphenylene oxide) or PPO, a relatively expensive polyether. For the most, the properties of Noryl are additive. For example, Noryl has poorer thermal stability than the polyether alone, but is easier to process. Its single glass transition temperature increases with increasing polyether content. In terms of tensile strength, however, the polyblend is synergistic. 

An important requirement for plastics materials in the automotive industry is paintability alongside metal components in high temperature areas. Noryl GTX series of General Electric has been developed to meet this requirement. The blend consisting of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) in a nylon matrix combines the heat and dimensional stability and the low water absorption of PPO with the flow and semicrystalline properties of nylons. Its impact strength, however, is not as high as PC/PBT blends. 

Other thermoplastic resins can be added to produce a polymer blend in order to achieve a desirable balance of mechanical/thermal properties and cost (e.g. PPO/PS, Noryl from GE). Most blends are two phase systems, where no stress transfer to the dispersed phase is possible. PPO/PS is a special case and forms a single blend Tg between the values of the PPO (210°C) and PS (100°C) depending on the relative proportion of the two polymers (e.g. about 150°C for Noryl). 

In more recent times GE Plastics has upgraded their Noryl range of PS-modified polyphenylene oxide materials without recourse to halogens. Improved flame retardant properties are found in the new Noryl GTX 4110 series, which uses a proprietary flame retardancy system free from halogens and red phosphorus. The compound has high heat and chemical resistance. 

Property ASTM Units Noryl SPN410 Noryl SPN420 Noryl 731 Noryl PX1391... 

Property ASTM Units PPE/PA66 Noiyl GTX914 Sabic Noiyl GTX944 PPE/PA6 Noryl GTX626... 

Several approaches to compatibilizing PPE blends with commercial polyolefins (polypropylene, etc.) have been reported in the literature (Lee 1990 Kirkpatrick et al. 1989). Simultaneous compatibilization and impact modification of PPE/polypropylene blends was achieved by choosing selected types of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymers and PPE resin of low molecular weight (Akkapeddi and VanBuskirk 1992). A family of PPE/polypropylene alloys were commercially launched by G.E. in 2001, under the Noryl PPX trade name, and these are now sold by Sabic. Typical properties of a commercial PPE/PP blend are shown in Table 19.32. These PPE/PP blends are claimed to offer a balance of cost and performance between the TPOs and other higher-cost engineering thermoplastics such as nylons, modified PET, and PBT resins. Basically, the PPE/PP blends offer a balance of key properties stiffness, toughness, chemical, and heat resistance. 

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