North Carolina studies

In a recent North Carolina study focusing on car crashes that were caused by the driver falling asleep at the wheel, 55% of the drivers were less than age 25,... 

Raser, Timothy, A Poetics of Art Criticism The Case of Baudelaire (Chapel Hill North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and Literatures, 1989). 

In accordance with the findings on serum lipoproteins are those on serum cholesterol. As would be expected in Tickner and Mier s (T8) study on 86 psoriatics, the serum cholesterol tended to follow changes in the serum /8-lipoproteins and was elevated in only 20% of the subjects with psoriasis. In the North Carolina study by Abele et al. (Al) of a large kindred with psoriasis there was no significant elevation of cholesterol or any correlation with the presence or absence of disease in the 258 members examined for cholesterol and who were over 21 years of age. 

Neonatal evaluations also were conducted in the North Carolina study (Rogan et al. 1986b). This is a study of women from the general population with no known high exposure to PCBs. PCBs in milk at the time of birth (approximately 1.8 ppm, but may have been overestimated by a factor of 2) was used as indicator of prenatal exposure the median PCBs in maternal semm at birth was 9.06 ppb. In the... 

Because PCB doses were not measured in the Michigan and North Carolina studies, the researchers had to estimate the daily exposure of PCBs that would result in a mother having a breast milk fat concentration of 3.4 ppm at the time of delivering a child. Dr. Rogan listed the computational steps and assumptions that were made to estimate this dose. First, the researchers estimated that a 25 year old woman who weighed 60 kg, had 25 percent body fat, and had 3.4 ppm of PCBs in her breast milk, likely had an overall body burden of 51 mg of PCBs. Dr. Rogan indicated the assumptions that were made in... 

Before the panelists commented on this study. Dr. Rogan listed several uncertainties associated with his dose calculations. First, because losses of PCBs through excretion, lactation, and metabolism were not factored into the dose calculations, the actual dose that results in 3.4 ppm of PCBs in breast milk fat would be higher than the reported NOAEL. Second, if dose calculations were based on women older than 25 years, the estimated daily dose would be lower than the reported NOAEL. Moreover, a difference in the analytical methods used in the Michigan study and the North Carolina study also might have caused the researchers to overestimate the actual NOAEL, possibly by a factor of 2. 

Regardless of whether ATSDR eventually adopts the studies reviewed by Tilson et al. (1990) as the basis for its MRL, the panelists suggested that the NOAEL dose from the North Carolina study should at least be cited in the toxicological profile s LSE tables. 

Binaural BAEPs were recorded in recent North Carolina studies. As shown in Figure 7c, the latencies of BAEP waves III and V were found to increase linearly with PbB levels obtained 5 years earlier in the older children (Otto et al, 1985). Curvilinear relationships of BAEP latencies and maximal PbBs were observed for waves III, V, and interpeak latencies I-III and I-V (see quadratic effects in Table 3) in the younger children (Robinson et al, 1985) as shown in Figure 7b. In the latter study, BAEP latencies decreased as PbBs increased from 5 to about 25 jUg/dl PbB, but then increased with PbBs above 25 )Ug/dl as observed previously in older children. 

Results of the replication study in the younger children indicated a problem in the BAEP methodology employed in both North Carolina studies. Click intensity (based on audiometric screening) was adjusted so that all subjects would hear clicks at the same sensation level. While this procedure is used widely in psychophysical research, it is not advisable in BAEP testing because wave I latency is very sensitive to click intensity. That is, wave I latency varies inversely with click intensity, an effect that does not necessarily correlate directly with hearing threshold. 

A similar method of test was used at the International Nickel Company s Corrosion Laboratory at North Carolina. The specimen discs are mounted on insulated vertical spindles and submerged in sea-water, which is supplied continuously to the tank in which the specimens are immersed. The maximum peripheral speed of the spinning disc is about 760cms , and the characteristic pattern of attack is shown in Fig. 19.3a. Studies of variation of depth of attack with velocity indicate that at low velocities (up to about 450 cm s ) alloys such as Admiralty brass, Cu-lONi and cupro-nickel alloys containing iron maintain their protective film with a consequent small and similar depth of attack for the diflferent alloys. At higher velocities the rate increases due to breakdown of the film. 

Hubbard RL, Marsden ME, Rachal JV, et al Drug Abuse Treatment A National Study of Effectiveness. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1989 Hunt DE, Lipton DS, Goldsmith DS, et al It takes yom heart the image of methadone maintenance in the addict world and its effect on recruitment into treatment. Int J Addict 20 1751-1771, 1985-1986... 

Department of Physician Assistant Studies Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina... 

Study 1. Wheat ( McNair 1813 ) was planted at the Central Crops Research Station near Clayton (Lynchburg sandy loam) and the Tidewater Research Station near Plymouth (Bayboro loam), North Carolina, at a rate of 101 kg/ha in October of 1980. The following spring or early summer, plots were set up in which a green wheat cover crop or wheat straw and stubble remaining after wheat harvest was (1) left... 

Study 2. This study was conducted at the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station near Rocky Mount (Norfolk loamy sand) and the Lower Coastal Plain Research Station near Kinston (Goldsboro loamy sand), North Carolina, to investigate the effects of various small grain residues on weed growth in no-till corn and soybeans. 

Peek, H.M. and Heath, R.C., Feasibility study of liquid-waste injection into aquifers containing salt water, Wilmington, North Carolina, in Symposium on Underground Waste Management and Artificial Recharge, Braunstein, J., Ed., publication 110, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 1973, pp. 851-875. 

In adults, a study of 75 autopsies of persons who had resided in a soft-water, leached soil region of North Carolina found a positive correlation between lead level in the aorta and death from heart-related disease (Voors et al. 1982). The association persisted after adjustment for the effect of age. A similar correlation was found between cadmium levels in the liver and death from heart-related disease. (Aortic lead and liver cadmium levels were considered to be suitable indices of exposure.) The effects of the two metals appeared to be additive. Potential confounding variables other than age were not included in the analysis. The investigators stated that fatty liver (indicative of alcohol consumption) and cigarette smoking did not account for the correlations between lead, cadmium and heart-disease death. 

Children may be exposed to lead from other hobby or recreational activities that are not as obviously dangerous. For example, two case studies (one in North Carolina and one in Arizona) of lead poisoning in children from homes in which environmental surveys indicated no identifiable lead hazards have been reported. More extensive investigations revealed that both children had been observed on several occasions with pool cue chalk in their mouths. Subsequent chemical analysis of 23 different types of pool cue chalk identified three types as having lead concentrations in excess of 7,000 mg/kg (Miller et al. 1996). 

A similar study was conducted jointly by investigators at the Center for Research on Women s and Children s Health, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, the Kaiser Permanent... 

Cox, B.G., DeWitt, D.S., Whitmore, R.W., Singletary, H.M. Howard, C.E., and Starner, K.K., A Survey Design for a National Study of Indoor Radon Concentrations in Residential Dwellings, RTI/3080/10-01F, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (November 1985). 

Reverby, S.H. (ed.), Tuskegee s Truths Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC, 2000. 

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