Artificial recharge

whether the mixing of the recharge and groundwater will cause precipitation and, therefore, clog the wells and reduce the operational life of the project and 

whether the artificial recharge will have an adverse impact on the groundwater quality. 

Despite the obvious benefits, not many geochemical modeling applications to arti- 

Interaction between artificial recharge and groundwater may lead to precipitation, for example, of calcium carbonate and iron and manganese salts, resulting in a lower permeability. Nitrification or denitrification, and possibly even sulphate reduction, may occur during the early stages of infiltration. Bacterial action may lead to the development of sludges that reduce the rate of infiltration. 

There are several advantages of storing water underground. Firstly, the cost of artificial recharge may be less than the cost of surface reservoirs, and water stored in the ground is not subjected to evapotranspiration. Secondly, the likelihood of pollution is reduced. Thirdly, an aquifer will sometimes act as a distribution system, recharge water moving from one area 

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Adsorption-desorption Partly Mechanisms for adsorption on similar materials will be similar. Soil adsorption data generally do not reflect the saturated conditions of the deep-well environment. Organic-matter content is a major factor affecting adsorption in the near-surface its significance in the deep-well environment is less clear. Fate studies involving artificial recharge are probably useful, but differences between fresh waters and deep brines may reduce relevance. 

Kharaka, Y.K., Retention of dissolved constituents of waste by geologic membranes, in Symposium on Underground Waste Management and Artificial Recharge, Braunstein, J., Ed., publication 110, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 1973, pp. 420-435. 

Sniegocki, R.T., Problems of artificial recharge through wells in Grand Prairie Region, Arkansas, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper 1615-F, 1963. 

Within the frame of the EU-funded project GABARDINE (2005-2008 http // www.geoservice.gr/), the identification of alternative sources of water and the feasibility, both environmental and economic, of their utilisation were explored. Alternative water sources to be artificially recharged comprised surface water runoff, treated effluent and imported water. 

There are some other issues related to the selection of measures. For instance, concerning drought, one measure is the prioritisation of water use in case of severe drought. In Spain, where severe drought can be expected, possible measures are water reuse and artificial recharge of aquifers by injection of reclaimed wastewater. 

However, so far there is a lack of knowledge concerning the potential geochemical and ecological impact of the artificial recharge, in both unsaturated zone and the aquifer itself. Another measure can be the relocation of certain crops in higher altitude because of a temperature increase. 

Roberts, P. V., and A. J. Valocchi, Principles of organic contaminant behavior during artificial recharge . In Quality of Groundwater, W. v. Dujvenbooden and P. Glasbergen, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1981, pp. 439-450. 

Ziegler, A.C., Ross, H.C., Trombley, T.J. and Christensen, V.G. (2001) Effects of Artificial Recharge on Water Quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, South-Central Kansas, 1995-2000, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 096-01. 

Bank filtration and artificial recharge of groundwater (e.g., along the river Rhine and Elbe) provide important drinking water resources for a variety of cities. 

Grtinheid, S., Amy, G, and Jekel, M. (2005). Removal of bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trace organic compounds by bank filtration and artificial recharge. Water Res. 39, 3219-3228. 

Nightingale, H.I. and Bianchi, W.C., Ground-water turbidity resulting from artificial recharge, Ground Water, 15, 146, 1977. 

Roberts PV, Valocchi AJ. 1981. Principles of organic contaminant behavior during artificial recharge. Sci Total Environ 21 161-172. 

Brothers, K., and Katzer, T., 1987. Artificial recharge to the Las Vegas Valley ground-water system, Clark County, Nevada. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 19, no. 7, p. 602. 

Whitworth, T.M., 1995. Hydrogeochemical computer modeling of proposed artificial recharge of the upper Santa Fe Group aquifer, Albuquerque, New Mexico. New... 

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