Nonprescription medicines

By developing efficient and transparent procedures to allow rapid access by users to safe and effective innovative medicines and to generic and nonprescription medicines through a single European marketing authorization... 

Because of the former restrictions (as well as the practice of the National Health Insurcmce administration that does not reimburse nonprescription medicines), the number of nonprescription medicines remained relatively small in Hungary. In April 1995, however, more than 100 prescriptions-only were switched (Paal 1996d). In 1998, more than 500 nonprescription medicines were registered which, together with paramedicines, gave an OTC-selection which covered about 25 percent of the toted remedies. In addition, there are more than 1,000 homeopathic medicines which, with the exception of a the few injections, are all nonprescription medicines. 

The first Media Act of 1996 permitted advertising of nonprescription medicines in radio and television, temporarily creating a strange situation since the same advertising in newspapers, posters, etc. was still prohibited until late 1997. This... 

The 58th Act of 1997 on advertising and the corresponding Decree of the Minister of Health reproduced the main body of the text of the EU Directive 92/28/EEC. Any form of advertising of nonprescription medicines directed to the general public is permitted but such advertising excludes any kinds of reimbursement. Prescription-only medicines may be advertised to pharmacists and doctors exclusively. Professional and ethical criteria are similar to the EU ones. 

Advertisements of nonprescription medicines directed to the general public must contain a text inviting patient-consumers to read the PIL and/or consult their doctor or pharmacist. Moreover, as a special Hungarian requirement, the side-effects must be listed in the advertisement. 

Concerning patient rights connected with medicine use, the pharmacist must inform patients about side effects cmd interactions as well as interchangeability, price cmd reimbursement issues, and refrain from selling nonprescription medicines if, according to his or her judgment, the patient should visit a doctor. The patient has the right to buy medicines at the Scime price in all pharmacies, independently from their ownership emd site. 

Acceptance of the EU definition of medicine caused the demise of para-medicines. The Act specified the future of marketed paramedicines. MA holders of paramedicines have five years to submit argumented applications for re-qualifica-tion of these products as nonprescription medicines. After this deadline, their marketing with medicinal claim must be ceased. 

Medicines in The Netherlands are cleissified as prescription-only medicines (POM, or in Dutch, UR [Uitsluitend Recept]) or nonprescription medicines. The classification of the MEB is bcised on European directive 92/26 EEC concerning the clcissi-fication of drugs for human use. The following POM criteria are adopted by the MEB for its POM policy ... 

A medication review involves the systematic evaluation of the patient s complete medication regimen including clarification of the indications for use and administration details of both prescription and nonprescription medicines plus the outcome of therapy. The process results in the generation of a report by the pharmacist documenting interventions and recommendations to other healthcare providers to optimize therapeutic outcomes. 

Principle 2 Hospital staff should obtain an accurate medication history, including prescription and nonprescription medicines and other... 

Managed care has brought a whole new vocabulary into health care. Important concepts and definitions are more likely to be derived from the insurance or business communities than from health care. Understanding the terms of this payer community is increasingly important as third party programs become the dominant payer for prescription and nonprescription medicines. 

P G brings to the Health Care sector the same capacity for technical innovation, understanding of consumers and marketing expertise that has made possible the success of the Company s consumer products, such as Oil of Olay , Tide , Pampers , and Bounty. Health Care brands include nonprescription medicines such as Vicks , Mctamucil , and ThermaCare prescription products such as Actonel (risedronate) and Asacol (mesalamine) and oral care products such as Crest and Fixodent . 

In 1995, Procter Gamble opened a new research campus that is dedicated to the discovery and development of prescription and nonprescription medicines and health care products. Sited on 253 acres, the complex covers 1.3 million square feet of laboratory and office space and houses nearly 2,500 personnel. This center serves as the hub linking facilities in North America, Europe, Asia and Latin America. 

Research and development focus areas in prescription medicines include anti-infective, bone, cardiac, gastrointestinal and hormone replacement. In the nonprescription medicines areas the focus is on respiratory, gastrointestinal and oral care. 

Global Growth We maximize Procter Gamble s worldwide resources to create a truly integrated global health care company, in both prescription and nonprescription medicines,... 

New Chemistry Around Us Looking at Atoms New At the Counter Nonprescription Medicines 20% new Exercises... 

Use of codeine may result in respiratory depression, euphoria, light-headedness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, and hypersensitivity reactions. The more common adverse reactions associated with the antitussives are listed in the Summary Drug Table Antitussive, Mucolytic, and Expectorant Drugs. When used as directed, nonprescription cough medicines containing two or more ingredients have few adverse reactions. However, those that contain an antihistamine may cause drowsiness. 

Anodier problem can arise from the use of nonprescription cough medicine for self-treatment of a chronic cough. Indiscriminate use of antitussives by die general public may prevent early diagnosis and treatment of serious disorders, such as lung cancer and emphysema... 

The nurse should advise the patient taking a nonprescription cough medicine that if a cough lasts more than 10 days or is accompanied by fever, chest pain, severe headache, or skin rash, the patient should consult the primary health care provider. 

Expectorants are used to help raise respiratory secretions. An expectorant may also be included along with one or more additional drug, such as an antihistamine, decongestant, or antitussive, in some prescription and nonprescription cough medicines. 

A thorough patient medication history should be taken at the time of admission to document all recent medication use, including nonprescription medications and use of complementary or alternative medicines. Any drug allergies or intolerances also should be documented. 

Dextromethorphan, contained in many nonprescription cough medicines, will produce a heavy psychedelic trip, but the nausea characteristic of the opiates may constitute a problem. Kosterlitz and Villareal (Eds.) AGONIST AND ANTAGONIST ACTIONS OF NARCOTIC ANALGESIC DRUGS (1972) and Braude et al. (Eds.) NARCOTIC ANTAGONISES (1973) are useful. 

Prescription drugs also were subject to control under the 1906 law. In fact, until 1953 there was no fixed legal boundary between prescription and nonprescription medications. Prescription medications received a lower priority, since food and patent medicine abuses were judged to be the more urgent problems. 

Caffeine is derived by extraction of coffee beans, tea leaves, and kola nuts. It is also prepared synthetically. Much of the caffeine of commerce is a by-product of decaffeinized coffee manufacture. The compound is purified by a series of recrystallizations. Caffeine finds use in medicine and in soft drinks. Caffeine is also available as the hydrobromide and as sodium benzoate, winch is a mixture of caffeine and sodium benzoate, containing 47-50% anhydrous caffeine and 50-53% sodium benzoate. This mixture is more soluble in water than pure caffeine. A number of nonprescription (pain relief) drugs contain caffeine as one of several ingiedients. Caffeine is a known cardiac stimulant and in some persons who consume significant amounts, caffeine can produce ventricular premature beats. 

As well as increases in prescription drugs, nonprescription or over-the-counter (OTC) drug sales are also increasing. These also include herbal medicines, food supplements and essential oils. These products are periodically examined with directives to regulate their use, as they are not proved effective... 

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