Nonmetals sulfides

Lead dioxide Aluminum carbide, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydroxylamine, ni-troalkanes, nitrogen compounds, nonmetal halides, peroxoformic acid, phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride, potassium, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfides, tungsten, zirconium... 

Table 2. Some Sulfide Compounds with Nonmetal—Metal Transitions...

A salt derived from a hydracid is named according to the nonmetal present in the parent acid, and the salt will end in - ide . The metallic part of the salt is named first. The prefix hydro is dropped and suffix - ic (of the acid) is changed to - ide . HC1 HBr HCN H2S Sodium chloride (NaCl) Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) Potassium bromide (KBr) Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) Sodium cyanide (NaCN) Potassium sulfide (K2S)... 

The (compositionally) simplest mineral class comprises the native elements, that is, those elements, either metals or nonmetals that occur naturally in the native state, uncombined with others. Native gold, silver, and copper, for example, are metals that naturally occur in a ductile and malleable condition, while carbon - in the form of either graphite or diamond -and sulfur are examples of nonmetallic native elements. Next in compositional complexity are the binary minerals composed of two elements a metal or nonmetallic element combined with oxygen in the oxides, with a halogen - either fluorine, chlorine bromine, or iodine - in the halides, or sulfur, in the sulfides. The oxide minerals, for example, are solids that occur either in a somewhat hard, dense, and compact form in mineral ores and in rocks, or as relatively soft, unconsolidated sediments that melt at moderate to... 

H2S, hydrogen sulfide, is the product of hydrogen gas reacting with a nonmetal, sulfur. A compound consisting of two nonmetals is primarily covalent, and has a much smaller degree of ionic character. 

Chlorine Ammonia, acetylene, alcohols, alkanes, benzene, butadiene, carbon disulfide, dibutyl phthalate, ethers, fluorine, glycerol, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, sodium carbide, finely divided metals, metal acetylides and carbides, nitrogen compounds, nonmetals, nonmetal hydrides, phosphorus compounds, polychlorobi-phenyl, silicones, steel, sulfides, synthetic rubber, turpentine... 

Chlorine dioxide Ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, mercury, nonmetals, phosphine, phosphorus pentachloride... 

Nitric acid, fuming phite, thiocyanates Organic matter, nonmetals, most metals, ammonia, chlorosulfonic acid, chromium trioxide, cyanides, dichromates, hydrazines, hydrides, HCN, HI, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur halides, sulfuric acid, flammable liquids... 

The most important gaseous component is X2, as is the case in most oxides, halides, and sulfides. The stoichiometric variation will be linked to the partial pressure of the surrounding nonmetal atmosphere. The nonmetal component will be gained at high pressures and lost at low pressures. These options correspond to oxidation and reduction. 

Finally, we need to consider compounds containing the nonmetal hydrogen. Remember that hydrogen is an exception. In simple binary compounds with nonmetals, we treat hydrogen as a metal. As a metal in the first column, it should have a +1 charge. Thus, H2S is hydrogen sulfide. 

Many hydrogen compounds are acids. Acids require a different system of nomenclature than other compounds. There are two types of acids binary acids and ternary acids. All acids include the word acid in their name. Binary acids contain only two elements one of which is hydrogen and the other a nonmetal. When naming binary acids, the prefix hydro- appears before the root name of the nonmetal, and there will be an -ic suffix. As an acid, H2S would be hydrosulfuric acid. We used H2S to illustrate the fact that there can be two possible names, hydrogen sulfide or hydrosulfuric acid. If your instructor does not specify which name to use, either is correct. Technically, the name hydrosulfuric acid only applies to aqueous solutions of H2S, H2S(aq). 

Lead is a bluish-white, heavy metallic element with properties that are more metal-like than the properties of metalloids or nonmetals. Lead can be found in its native state, meaning that elemental metallic lead can be found in deposits in the Earth s crust. However, most lead is first mined as galena ore (lead sulfide, PbS). The galena is mixed with lead sulfate, lead sulfide,... 

The element combines with many nonmetals upon heating, forming its binary salts. It combines with halogens when heated, forming the corresponding halides. Heating with phosphorus, sulfur, and tellurium produces phosphide, CdsP2 sulfide, CdS and teUuride, CdTe salts, respectively. 

Dysprosium combines with several nonmetals at high temperatures forming binary compounds with varying compositions. Heating with hydrogen produces dysprosium dihydride, DyH2, and dysprosium trihydride. DyH3. With sulfur, several sulfides have been synthesized that have the compositions... 

Vanadium combines with other nonmetals at elevated temperatures forming binary compounds. Such compounds include nitride, VN carbide VC, and the sulfides, VS (or V2S2), V2S3, and V2S5. 

In solid state physics, it is well known that many inorganic solids, e.g., the oxides and sulfides, can dissolve metals and nonmetals in excess, and that by this process electron and ion defects in the lattice will be formed. Wagner and co-workers (1) have developed the basic theory of... 

Zinc and lead usually occur together in nature as sulfides. Earlier separation processes involved the fine grinding of the combined sulfides and then treating the particles with chemical reagents to cause one sulfide to be preferentially wetted and rhns the two sulfides separated by the froth flotation process. In a first stage, the lead sulfide is floated while the zinc sulfide sinks to the bottom of the tank. In the second stage, the process is reversed and the zinc sulfide is floated. Gangue and other nonmetals collect at the bottom of the tank. The separated sulfides are dewatered to a 6-7% moisture content and are referred to as the zinc concentrate and the lead concentrate. 

The cathode may in fact be a nonmetal, such as graphite present in cast iron or iron sulfide. 

Hydrogen Sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide may ignite in contact with barium peroxide.12 Hydroxylamine. Aqueous hydroxylamine ignites on contact with barium peroxide.13 Metals. Powdered aluminum or magnesium ignites on contact with the peroxide.14 Nonmetal Oxides. Barium peroxide incandesces when heated in a stream of C02 or S02.14... 

Nonmetals. Mixtures of powdered Ni with sulfur or selenium incandesce on heating.11 Organic Solvents. Raney Ni recovered from methanol, ethanol, pentanol, acetone, benzene, cyclohexane, or/vdioxane explodes when heated above 200°C.10 Peroxyformic Acid. Violent explosion with 90% acid.12 Sulfur Compounds. Raney Ni containing the sulfide is pyrophoric.13... 

Nitromethane. Mixtures with HN03 are extremely explosive.38 Nonmetal Hydrides. Arsine, phosphine, and tetraborane are oxidized explosively by fuming HN03 and stibine by concentrated HN03. Phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, and... 

Ammonium Salts, Metals, or Nonmetals, or Sulfides. Mixtures with ammonium salts, powdered metals, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur, or sulfides are readily ignited and potentially explosive.4... 

Aside from these three classes (species with unfilled inner subshells, with unpaired electrons, or with two different oxidation states of the same element), there are a number of colored inorganic substances about which generalizations may be set up only with difficulty. Among these are many of the elementary nonmetals, a large number of covalent salts (such as mercuric iodide, cadmium sulfide, silver phosphate and lithium nitride), a number of nonmetal halides (iodine monochloride, selenium tetrachloride, antimony tri-iodide, etc.), and the colored ions, chromate, permanganate, and Ce(H20) v, whose central atoms presumably have rare-gas structures. 

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