Nonmetals hydrides

Chlorine Ammonia, acetylene, alcohols, alkanes, benzene, butadiene, carbon disulflde, dibutyl phthalate, ethers, fluorine, glycerol, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, sodium carbide, flnely divided metals, metal acetylides and carbides, nitrogen compounds, nonmetals, nonmetal hydrides, phosphorus compounds, polychlorobi-phenyl, silicones, steel, sulfldes, synthetic rubber, turpentine... 

Nonmetal hydrides Boron trifluoride, phosphorus trichloride, silicon tetrachloride... 

Molecules in polar liquids such as water, liquid ammonia, sulfuric acid, and chloroform are held together by dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions. For molecules of comparable size, these are stronger than London forces resulting in the familiar trends in boiling points of nonmetal hydrides. For the heavier molecules, such as H2S, H,Se, PH3, and HI, dipole effects are not particularly important (the elec-... 

Metal Azides. Vapor with silver or sodium azide forms explosive bromine azide.10 Metals. Impact-sensitive mixtures are formed from lithium or sodium in dry bromine.11 Potassium, germanium, antimony, and rubidium ignite in bromine vapor.12 Violent reaction occurs with aluminum, mercury, or titanium.13 Methanol. Vigorously exothermic reaction on mixing the liquids.14 Nonmetal Hydrides. At room temperature, violent explosion and ignition occur with silane and its homologs15,16 and with germane.17... 

Nitromethane. Mixtures with HN03 are extremely explosive.38 Nonmetal Hydrides. Arsine, phosphine, and tetraborane are oxidized explosively by fuming HN03 and stibine by concentrated HN03. Phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, and... 

Nonmetal hydrides, e.g., and other boranes, PH3, AsHj Nonmetal alkyls, e.g., R3B, R3P, R3AS Phosphorus (white)... 

Ignition or explosive reaction with metals (e.g., aluminum, antimony powder, bismuth powder, brass, calcium powder, copper, germanium, iron, manganese, potassium, tin, vanadium powder). Reaction with some metals requires moist CI2 or heat. Ignites with diethyl zinc (on contact), polyisobutylene (at 130°), metal acetylides, metal carbides, metal hydrides (e.g., potassium hydride, sodium hydride, copper hydride), metal phosphides (e.g., copper(II) phosphide), methane + oxygen, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, calcium nitride, nonmetals (e.g., boron, active carbon, silicon, phosphoms), nonmetal hydrides (e.g., arsine, phosphine, silane), steel (above 200° or as low as 50° when impurities are present), sulfides (e.g., arsenic disulfide, boron trisulfide, mercuric sulfide), trialkyl boranes. 

Binary compounds (compounds with only two elements) containing hydrogen are called hydrides. Hydrides can be basic, acidic, or neutral. On the periodic table, the basic hydrides are to the left, and the acidic hydrides are to the right. For instance, NaH is basic H,S is acidic. Following this trend, metal hydrides are either basic or neutral, while nonmetal hydrides are acidic or neutral. (Ammonia, NH3, is an exception to this rule.) The acidity of nonmetal hydrides tends to increase going down the periodic table. H20 < H2S < H,Se < H2Te... 

Many of the molecular (nonmetal) hydrides are acidic their aqueous solutions contain hydrogen ions. These include HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H2S, H2Se, and H2Te. 

The acid strength of nonmetal hydrides increases towards the right and to the bottom of the periodic table. Acid strengths of oxoacids can be predicted approximately from their formulae by Pauling s rules. Metal cations with polarizing character are acidic in water, and some form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides. 

Table 1. A selection of nonmetal hydrides (E indicates nonmetal)...

Binary compounds with less electronegative elements include hydrides, nitrides, sulfides and phosphides. They are decomposed by water and can provide convenient routes for the preparation of nonmetal hydrides (see Topics B6, F2). The anions may be polyatomic or polymerized, as with... 

CHLOROCHROMIC ANHYDRIDE (14977-61-8) A powerful oxidizer. Violent reaction with water, producing hydrochloric and chromic acids, and chlorine gas. Potentially violent and explosive reaction with reducing agents, acetone, alcohols, calcium sulfide, combustible materials, gaseous or liquid ammonia, ethers, nonmetal halides, fuels, nonmetal hydrides, fluorine, organic matter, organic solvents, phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride, sodium azide, elemental sulfur, sulfur monochloride, turpentine, urea. Decomposes slowly in light. 

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