Nonmetals compound

Na+ + CN = NaCN, sodium cyanide, a poison NONMETAL COMPOUNDS 

The result is that the carbon thinks it has eight electrons in its outer shell and each sulfur thinks it has eight electrons in its outer shell. 

The carbon and the sulfur atoms are satished. The compound formed is carbon disulhde, which is a poison by absorption it is a highly flammable, dangerons fire and explosion risk, has a wide flammable range from 1 to 50%, and can be ignited by friction. Carbon disulfide also has a low ignition temperature and can be ignited by a steam pipe or a light bulb. 

There are four subfamilies of hydrocarbons, known as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics. (These families will be discussed in detail in Chapters 4 and 5.) The alkane and aromatic families of hydrocarbons occur naturally the alkenes and alkynes are manmade. Both types of hydrocarbons are used to make other families of chemicals, known as hydrocarbon derivatives. Radicals of the hydrocarbon families are made by removing at least one hydrogen from the hydrocarbon and replacing it with a nonmetal other than carbon or hydrogen. Ten of these hydrocarbon derivatives will be discussed in detail in the appropriate chapters associated with then-major hazards alkyl halides, nitros, amines, ethers, peroxides, alcohols, ketones, 

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The term metallo-organic is used somewhat loosely in CVD parlance, since it includes compounds of elements, such as silicon, phosphorus, arsenic, selenium, and tellurium, that are not considered metallic. To conform to what appears to be a well-established tradition, such nonmetal compounds will be included here as metallo-organics. 

Table 6-1 Nomenclature Divisions for Inorganic Compounds Binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds Ionic compounds...

The systematic names presented for binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds are not used for the hydrogen compounds of group III, IV, and V elements or for water. These compounds have common names which are used instead. Water and ammonia (NH, ) are the most important compounds in this class. 

Ans. The three compounds belong to different nomenclature classes. Aluminum in its compounds always forms 3+ ions, and thus there is no need to state 3+ in the name. Cobalt forms 2+ and 33-ions, and we need to designate which of these exists in this compound. PCI, is a binary nonmctal-nonmetal compound, using a prefix to denote the number of chlorine atoms. 

By definition, a salt is an ionic compound made up of a cation other than hT and an anion other than OH or 02. However, in these examples a "salt" represents any ionic (metal-nonmetal) compound. 

The presence of a polyatomic ion in a compound requires substituting the name of the polyatomic ion for the name of the cation or anion in a comparable mctal/nonmetal compound. We will use no prefixes. 

Ionic compounds consist of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) hence, ionic compounds often consist of a metal and nonmetal. The electrostatic attraction between a cation and anion results in an ionic bond that results in compound formation. Binary ionic compounds form from two elements. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium fluoride (NaF) are examples of binary ionic compounds. Three elements can form ternary ionic compounds. Ternary compounds result when polyatomic ions such as carbonate (C032 ), hydroxide (OH-), ammonium (NH4+), form compounds. For example, a calcium ion, Ca2+, combines with the carbonate ion to form the ternary ionic compound calcium carbonate, CaC03. Molecular compounds form discrete molecular units and often consist of a combination of two nonmetals. Compounds such as water (H20), carbon dioxide (C02), and nitric oxide (NO) represent simple binary molecular compounds. Ternary molecular compounds contain three elements. Glucose ( 12 ) is a ternary molecular compound. There are several distinct differences between ionic and molecular compounds, as summarized in Table 1.2. 

When solutions are more concentrated, however, protonalion and dehydration occur to form [V207]4- and higher vanadates.44 Further polymerization occurs until hydrous V,05 precipitates at low pH. The precipitation of vanadiuntfV) oxide from aqueous solution as well as the similar behavior of other metal oxides, such as MoO, and W03. stands in sharp contiast to the extremely hygroscopic behavior of the analogous nonmetal compounds P205 and S03. 

Borazine has been known since the pioneering work of Alfred Stock early in this century. Stock s work was important in two regards He was the first to study compounds such as the boranes. silanes, and other similar nonmetal compounds, and he perfected vacuum line techniques for the handling of au- and moisture-sensitive compounds, invaluable to the modern inorganic chemist.67 Stock synthesized borazine by heating the adduct of diborane and ammonia 66... 

Malleable materials can be beaten into sheets. Ductile materials can be pulled into wires. Lustrous materials have a shine. Oxides, hydrides, and halides are compounds with 0, H, and halogens respectively. Measures of intermolecular attractions other than melting point are also higher for metal oxides, hydrides, and halides than for the nonmetal compounds. A dopant is a small quantity of an intentionally added impurity. The controlled movement of electrons in doped silicon semiconductors carries digital information in computer circuitry. 

Table 6.1 Prefixes Used in Naming Binary Nonmetal-Nonmetal Compounds...

Metal -nonmetal compounds and ammonium compounds (containing the NH4 group within a formula) are ionic. Other compounds are covalent, except that acids are ionized, some completely, when dissolved in water. The acids are named with a special system of their own, but pure binary acids can be named similarly to alkali metal-nonmetal compounds. 

Different systems are used for naming binary covalent compounds and ionic compounds, and acids are named still other ways. For binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds (which are covalent), name the leftmost or lower element in the periodic table first, and then name the other element. Change the ending of the second element to -ide, and indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule by a prefix (Table 6.1). If more than one... 

I The prefixes in Table 6.1 are used only for naming binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds, acid salts, and hydrates. 

Pure HBr may be named as a binary nonmetal-nonmetal compound, whereas pure H2SO4 is always named as an acid. Explain why H2SO4 is not named like HBr is named. 

The binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds are named with the prefixes the variable cations are named with the Roman numerals and the constant cations are named with neither (a) Carbon tetrachloride (b) Sodium carbonate... 

If the anion is monatomic (has only one atom), the name of the element is amended by changing the ending to -ide. Note that this ending is also used for binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds. All monatomic anions have names ending in -ide, but there are a few anions that consist of more than one atom which also end in -ide—the most important of these are OH and CN. OH is called the hydroxide ion, and CN is called the cyanide ion. 

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