Nonmetals binary covalent compounds

Different systems are used for naming binary covalent compounds and ionic compounds, and acids are named still other ways. For binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds (which are covalent), name the leftmost or lower element in the periodic table first, and then name the other element. Change the ending of the second element to -ide, and indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule by a prefix (Table 6.1). If more than one... 

Binary covalent compounds are formed between two nonmetals. Although these compounds do not contain ions, they are named very similarly to binary ionic compounds. 

When two nonmetals combine with each other they form binary covalent compounds. In such reactions, the oxidation number of the element with the more positive oxidation... 

Nearly all binary molecular compormds involve two nonmetals bonded together. Although many nonmetals can exhibit different oxidation numbers, their oxidation numbers are not properly indicated by Roman numerals or suffixes. Instead, elemental proportions in binary covalent compounds are indicated by using a prefix system for both elements. The Greek and Latin prefixes for one through ten are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, and deca. The prefix mono- is omitted for both elements except in the common name for CO, carbon monoxide. We use the minimum number of prefixes needed to name a compound unambiguously. The final a in a prefix is omitted when the nonmetal stem begins with the letter o we write heptoxide, not heptaoxide. ... 

Binary covalent compounds are formed by the combination of two elements, usually nonmetals. Several are so familiar, such as ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and water (H2O), that we use their common names, but most are named in a systematic way ... 

Combining Compound and Element Many binary covalent compounds react with nonmetals to form larger compounds. Many nonmetal oxides react with additional O2 to form higher oxides (those with more O atoms in each molecule). For example,... 

Binary compounds are compounds made up of only two elements, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Prefixes are used in the names of binary compounds to indicate the number of atoms of each nonmetal present. Table 7-1 lists the most common prefixes for binary covalent compounds. 

Two types of acids are named differently. Water solutions of binary covalent compounds containing hydrogen and a nonmetal are named following the pattern hydro(stem)ic acid, where (stem) is the stem of the name of the nonmetal bonded to hydrogen. Acids in which hydrogen is bonded to polyatomic ions have names based on the name of the polyatomic ion to which hydrogen is bonded. 

When two nonmetals combine with each other, they form binary covalent compounds. In such reactions, the oxidation state of the element with the more positive oxidation state is often variable, depending on reaction conditions. For example, phosphorus (Group 5A) combines with a limited amount of chlorine to form phosphorus trichloride, in which phosphorus exhibits the +3 oxidation state. 

What about covalent compounds Covalent compounds are nonicmic, molecular compounds. For the most part, they contain only nonmetal atoms. A huge number of such compounds exist, and the naming schemes for these are much more involved than what we have seen for ionic compounds. The schemes we will study in this chapter are limited to compounds that contain only two nonmetals and compounds that are acids. Compounds, whether ionic or covalent, that contain just two elements are called binary compounds. Compounds, whether ionic or covalent, that contain three elements are called ternary compounds. The naming scheme for binary covalent compounds is discussed in Section 3.7. The naming scheme for acids, both binary and ternary, is discussed in Section 3.8. 

Learning the names of binary covalent compounds may also be troublesome because of the variety of naming schemes that exist. Covalent compounds are those that are mostly formed between two or more nonmetals. Like the compounds of the transition metals discussed earlier, nonmetals can exist in a variety of oxidation numbers. Thus naming schemes have also been devised to distinguish between two or more different compounds formed between the same two nonmetal elements. Examples are the compounds formed between carbon and oxygen (CO and CO2). 

Chemically, hydrogen behaves as a typical nonmetal, forming covalent compounds with other nonmetals and forming salts with very active metals. Binary compounds containing hydrogen are called hydrides, of which there are three classes. The ionic... 

Binary compounds of two nonmetals are covalently bonded. However, strong acids in water form ions completely. 

Stable binary ionic compounds are formed from ions that have noble gas configurations. None of the compounds meet this requirement. First of all, C04 is not an ionic compound at all because it is a covalent compound, made from 2 nonmetals. Even so, C04 is not stable because with O2, C would have an oxidation number of +8, which is very unlikely. Consider the following ionic compounds composed of a metal and... 

Hydrogen forms three types of binary hydrides. Active metals give ionic hydrides, such as LiH and CaFF nonmetals give covalent hydrides, such as NH3, H2O, and HF and transition metals give metallic, or interstitial, hydrides, such as PdH,.. Interstitial hydrides are often nonstoichiometric compounds. 

Type III binary compounds are neutral, covalent compounds that contain two nonmetals. Type III naming is similar to Type I and II using the following rules ... 

The anesthetic dinitrogen oxide (N2O), commonly known as nitrous oxide, is a covalently bonded compound. Because it contains only two different elements, it is a binary molecular compound. Binary molecular compounds are composed of two different nonmetals and do not contain metals or ions. Although many of these compounds have common names, they also have scientific names that reveal their composition. Use the following simple rules to name binary molecular compounds. 

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