Non-toxic

CgH,3BrN202. A soil-acting herbicide. White crystalline solid, m.p. 158-159" C. It is a non-selective inhibitor of photosynthesis used for weed control In citrus and cane fruit plantations. It is relatively non-toxic to animal life. 

A colourless gas, b.p. — 59-C/740 mm. Used as a relatively non-toxic propellant gas in fire fighting apparatus, e.g. dry-powder extinguishers. Made by the bromination of fluoro-form, CHF3. 

CioHgC NOiS. A protective non-systemic fungicide used principally for the control of potato blight. M.p. 160-161 C. It is relatively non-toxic to most animal life although it is harmful to hsh. 

Prepared by treating 1,3-dibromopropane with zinc. It is a powerful gaseous anaesthetic, non-irritant and non-toxic to the liver and kidneys, but it is a respiratory depressant. 

Obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene. Owing to the presence of one aromatic ring it can be nitrated and sulphon-ated. It is non-toxic and is used as a solvent for fats, oils and resins. 

Both chloramine-T and dichloramine-T have marked antiseptic properties, chloramine-T being most frequently used because of its solubility in water. Aqueous solutions of chloramine-T can be used either for external application, or for internal application to the mouth, throat, etc, as chloramine-T in moderate quantities is non-toxic its aqueous solution can also be effectively used when the skin has come in contact with many of the vesicant liquid poison-gases, as the latter are frequently organic sulphur or arsenic derivatives which combine with or are oxidised by chloramine-T and are thus rendered harmless. 

Institut Eransais du Pntrole dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent contains up to 2% water to improve selectivity reflux con-sist of aromatics and paraffins ambient rotating-blade extractor, typically 10—12 stages low corrosion allows use of carbon steel equipment solvent has alow freezing point and is non-toxic two-stage ex-traction has dis-placement solvent in the second stage... 

Method of Rh(III) - Ru(III) separation and isolation them from rai e and nonferrous metals based on formation of different charged complexes with varied stability has been proposed. Possibility of sepai ation of Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) by water-soluble extractants from concentrated thiocyanate solutions has been displayed. Accelerated procedures of extraction-photometric determination of Rh(III), Ru(III) in solutions and waste products, which ai e chai acterized by high selectivity, availability, usage of non-toxic extractants have been worked out. 

Until the 1970s the chemical used as the impregnating and dielectric medium for capacitor units was PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) liquid. It was found to be toxic and unsafe for humans as well as contamination of the environment. For this reason, it is no longer used. The latest trend is to use a non-PCB, non-toxic, phenyl xylyl ethane (PXE-oil), which is a synthetic dielectric liquid of extremely low loss for insulation and impregnation of the capacitor elements or to use mixed polypropylene or allpolypropylene (PP) liquids as the dielectric. A non-oil dielectric, such as epoxy resin, is also used. 

Aluminium-based metals are the obvious choice" (Table 1.4) - they are light, corrosion resistant and non-toxic. But it took several years to develop the process for forming the can and the alloy to go with it. The end product is a big advance from the days when drinks only came in glass bottles, and has created a new market for aluminium (now threatened, as we shall see in Chapter 21, by polymers). Because aluminium is... 

The single dose of a drug is mo.stly derived from experience it is only possible in a very few cases to calculate it from the activity of the constituents. However, as many herbal drugs arc only weakly active and contain non-toxic substances, i.e, the therapeutic index is large, exceeding the dose is usually only of minor significance nevertheless, the pharmacist must know what the exceptions are in this book, the sections on Side effects and Making the tea draw particular attention to such cases, c.g. arnica flowers, liquorice root, etc. 

They should be non-toxic and not impart taste or odour. 

Phenols Substituted phenols 4-Methyl-2, 6-di-t-butylphenol (VI) No Often used in non-toxic formulations. Very low level of staining. Widely used to protect polymers during synthesis and fabrication. Volatility restricts high-temperature and long-term use. 

A further class of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer exists where the vinyl acetate content is of the order of 3 mole %. These materials are best considered as a modification of low-density polyethylene, where the low-cost comonomer introduces additional irregularity into the structure, reducing crystallinity and increasing flexibility, softness and, in the case of film, surface gloss. They have extensive clearance as non-toxic materials. 

As a class dimethylsilicone fluids are colourless, odourless, of low volatility and non-toxic. They have a high order of thermal stability and a fair constancy of physical properties over a wide range of temperature (-70°C to 200°C). Although... 

Even non-toxic gases are potentially hazardous owing to asphyxiation (oxygen deficiency). Irrespective of material, all equipment must be adequately designed to withstand process pressures. 

LPG is considered to be non-toxic witli no chronic effects, but the vapour is slightly anaesthetic. In sufficiently high concentrations, resulting in oxygen deficiency, it will result in physical asphyxiation. The gases are colourless and odourless but an odorant or stenching agent (e.g. methyl mercaptan or dimethyl sulphide) is normally added to facilitate detection by smell down to approximately 0.4% by volume in air, i.e. one-fifth of the lower flammable limit. The odorant is not added for specific applications, e.g. cosmetic aerosol propellant. 

Selected physical properties of oxygen are included in Table 9.24. It is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas which is essential for life and considered to be non-toxic at atmospheric pressure. It is somewhat soluble in water and is slightly heavier than air. Important uses are in the steel and glass industries, oxyacetylene welding, as a chemical intermediate, waste-water treatment, fuel cells, underwater operations and medical applications. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Dust mask, gloves, safety glasses, dust cap Symptoms Following Exposure Inhalation of dust may cause respiratoiy irritation. Compound is non-toxic when ingested. Prolonged contact with eyes or skin may cause irritation General Treatment for Exposure INHALATION move to fresh air. EYES flush with water get medical attention if irritation persists. SKIN flush with water Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold limit Value) Data not available Short-Term Inhalation Limits Data not available Toxicity by Ingestion Data not available Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Data not available liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Data not available Odor Threshold Odorless. 

Pharmacology. Lycorine was first examined by Morishima wl found it relatively non-toxic to mammals. Given per os or subcutaneous, to the dog or cat, it causes, in small doses, salivation and in large dos vomiting and diarrhoea. It has no special effect on the blood pressure death seems to be due to a generalised collapse. Post mortem —hyper m and ecchymoses in the stomach, intestine, pulmonary pleura and end... 

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