Nicotine cardiovascular effects

Pentel PR, Mabn DH, Ennifar S, Hieda Y, Keyler DE, Lake JR, MUstein JR, Basham LE, Coy RT, Moon JW, Naso R, Fattom A (2000) A nicotine conjugate vaccine reduces nicotine distribution to brain and attenuates its behavioral and cardiovascular effects in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 65 191-198... 

Tobacco Nicotine + + Subtle effects + Cardiovascular acci-... 

Perkins, K.A. et al., Chronic and acute tolerance to subjective, behavioral and cardiovascular effects of nicotine in humans, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Then, 270, 628, 1994. 

Benowitz NL, Hansson A, Jacob P, 3rd (2002) Cardiovascular effects of nasal and transdermal nicotine and cigarette smoking. Hypertension 39 1107-12 Berretta N, Jones RSG (1996) Tonic facilitation of glutamate release by presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate autoreceptors in the entorhinal cortex. Neuroscience 75 339 Betz H, Laube B (2006) Glycine receptors recent insights into their structural organization and functional diversity. J Neurochem 97 1600-10... 

The heart may be affected by both muscarinic and nicotinic effects. In the former, stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve endings, while in the latter, excess ACh on the nicotinic receptors, is of importance. The cardiovascular effects are tachycardia caused by the overstimulation of the sympathetic system, bradyarrhythmias, atrioventricular block, hypotension and QT prolongation, VF, and TdP (Grmec et al, 2004). 

The cardiovascular effects, subjective effects, and abuse potential of single intranasal doses of ephedrine 5 and 10 mg have been compared with oral doses of (—)ephe-drine 50 mg in 16 healthy Caucasian men with no drug/ alcohol/nicotine abuse or dependence (5). Intranasal ephedrine caused an increase in blood pressure but associated orthostatic hypotension. 

Sheiner, L., Jacob, P. (1988). Nicotine absorption and cardiovascular effects with smokeless tobacco use Companion with cigarettes and nicotine gum. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 44, 23-28. 

There are no apparent species differences in nicotine toxicity between animals and man. The toxic sequelae following chronic nicotine exposure to animals is similar to that in man including GI problems, cardiovascular effects, changes in neurochemistry, and reproductive effects such as decreased birth weight and length of gestation. 

A canine study showed that cardiovascular excitatory effects were syn-ergistically increased by a combination of ethanol and nicotine relative to nicotine alone. Ethanol alone had minimal cardiovascular effects under the conditions of the study. ... 

Peripheral Pharmacological Actions of Nicotine. Nicotine effects on the cardiovascular system include tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction, which leads to elevated blood pressure. Because the cardiovascular effects are mainly caused by elevated levels of catecholamines and cortisol, tolerance to these effects does not occur. Other pharmacological actions of nicotine include increased gastrointestinal motility caused by parasympathetic ganglionic stimulation and skeletal muscle contraction caused by the effect on nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction (184). 

Interindividual variability in the metabolism and cardiovascular effects of nicotine in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 221 36 -312, 1982. 

No. The nicotine patch in particular is safe and has been shown not to cause adverse cardiovascular effects. 

The cardiovascular effects of nicotine include peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and elevated BP. Nicotine is... 

Bupropion appears to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms and may simulate the actions of nicotine on the brain reward system. The most common side-effects related to bupropion are insomnia (30-45% at a dose of 300 mg/day) and dry mouth. Other commonly reported adverse events include hypertension, headache, and nausea. Seizures are a known risk associated with the use of somewhat higher doses compared with other antidepressants (0.1-0.4%), especially for the immediate-release form of the drug and when given at dosages of 450 mg/day or higher. Bupropion, unlike the TCAs, is virtually free of adverse cardiovascular effects, which makes it quite attractive for specific populations. 

P450 2A6 transcriptional regulation has been reviewed by Pitarque et al. [390], Induction has been shown to involve the PXR, along with PPARa [391], P450 2A6 is also induced by estrogen via the ER [392], which may be relevant to a reported influence of the menstrual cycle on P450 2A6 activity (and the cardiovascular effects of nicotine) [393],... 

Hukkanen J, Gourlay SG, Kenkare S, Benowitz NL (2005) Influence of menstrual cycle on cytochrome P450 2A6 activity and cardiovascular effects of nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 77 159-169... 

Murexine and related compounds have marked actions on the nicotine receptor as expected from choline esters (87-89). Toxins from the digestive glands of nudi-branchs have marked effects on the cardiovascular system of the rat (23). Antiviral and antibacterial substances have been obtained from molluscs (90,91). 

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