Nickel-tin alloys

Nickel-tin alloys electroplating, 6,14 Nicotinamide zinc complexes, 5,952 hydride-transfer reactions, 5, 954 Nicotinic acid... 

Copper-nickel alloys, 17 100 Copper-nickel-tin alloys, effect... 

H. Yamashita, T. Yamamura and K. Yoshimoto, The relation between catalytic ability for hydrogen evolution reaction and characteristics of nickel-tin alloys, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993,140, 2242-2243 K. Yoshimoto, H. Yamashita and M. Miyashita, Development of Ni-Sn alloy plating active catholyte and application in industrial electro-dialyzer, Soda Enso (Soda Chlorine), 1994, 45, 418-427 Yoshida and T. Morimoto, A new low hydrogen overvoltage cathode for chlor-alkali cell, Electrochim. Acta, 1994, 39, 1733-1737. 

According to Kraft and Kahles (68), titanium, zirconium, rare earth metals, calcium, magnesium and silicon have a similar effect as aluminium. They are however unlikely to have any advantages over aluminium. Baths composed of nickel or nickel copper or nickel tin alloys, are not suitable for counteracting the formation of primary carbon dioxide to an acceptable degree of efficiency. 

The Fe, Co, and Ni deposits are extremely fine grained at high current density and pH. Electroless nickel, cobalt, and nickel—cobalt alloy plating from fluoroborate-containing baths yields a deposit of superior corrosion resistance, low stress, and excellent hardenabiUty (114). Lead is plated alone or ia combination with tin, iadium, and antimony (115). Sound iasulators are made as lead—plastic laminates by electrolyticaHy coating Pb from a fluoroborate bath to 0.5 mm on a copper-coated nylon or polypropylene film (116) (see Insulation, acoustic). Steel plates can be simultaneously electrocoated with lead and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (117). Solder is plated ia solutioas containing Pb(Bp4)2 and Sn(Bp4)2 thus the lustrous solder-plated object is coated with a Pb—Sn alloy (118). 

As for storage tanks, stainless steel and lacquer-lined mild steel are suitable materials of constmction for pipe lines. For pumps, valves, etc, various alloys are suitable, including phosphor bronze, gun metal. Monel, stainless steel, and certain nickel steel alloys. Alloys with high proportions of ziac and tin together with copper and aluminum are not recommended. 

Gold Casting and Wrought Alloys. Gold alloys useful ki dentistry may contaki gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, kidium, copper, nickel, tin, kon, and zkic. Other metals occasionally are found ki minor amounts. The effect of each of the constituents is empirical, but some observations have been made. 

The contact ends of printed circuit boards are copper. Alloys of nickel and iron are used as substrates in hermetic connectors in which glass (qv) is the dielectric material. Terminals are fabricated from brass or copper from nickel, for high temperature appHcations from aluminum, when aluminum conductors are used and from steel when high strength is required. Because steel has poor corrosion resistance, it is always plated using a protective metal, such as tin (see Tin and tin alloys). Other substrates can be unplated when high contact normal forces, usually more than 5 N, are available to mechanically dismpt insulating oxide films on the surfaces and thereby assure metaUic contact (see Corrosion and corrosion control). 

In addition to the metals Hsted above, many alloys ate commercially electroplated brass, bronze, many gold alloys, lead—tin, nickel—iron, nickel—cobalt, nickel—phosphoms, tin—nickel, tin—zinc, ziac-nickel, ziac-cobalt, and ziac-iron. Electroplated alloys ia lesser use iaclude lead—iadium, nickel—manganese, nickel-tuagstea, palladium alloys, silver alloys, and zinc—manganese. Whereas tertiary and many other alloys can feasibly be electroplated, these have not found commercial appHcations. 

In most respects, copper-nickel and copper-tin alloys behave similarly to copper-zinc alloys. The presence of acids, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide degrades corrosion resistance. 

Nickel on nickel Gold on gold Platinum on platinum Copper on copper Indium on indium Lead on lead Aluminium on aluminium Silver on silver Iron on iron Tin on tin Steel on tin alloy Steel on steel Steel on Pb alloy Steel on Al. bronze Steel on cast iron Steel on brass Steel on bronze Steel on Pb. brass... 

The cathodic protection of plain carbon and low-alloy steels can be achieved with galvanic anodes of zinc, aluminum or magnesium. For materials with relatively more positive protection potentials (e.g., stainless steels, copper, nickel or tin alloys), galvanic anodes of iron or of activated lead can be used. 

Normally the corrosion of lead-tin soldered seams is not significantly increased by their contact with the nickel-base alloys, but under a few immersed conditions the seams may suffer enhanced corrosion. 

Copper and Alloys Copper and its alloys are widely used in chemical processing, particularly when heat and electrical conductivity are important factors. The thermal conductivity of copper is twice that of aluminum and 90 percent that of silver. A large number of copper alloys are available, including brasses (Cu-Zn), bronzes (Cu-Sn), cupronickels (Cu-Ni), and age-hardenable alloys such as copper beryllium (Cu-Be) and copper nickel tin (Cu-Ni-Sn). 

Nickel-tin-aluminum catalyst, 24 794 Nickel titanate, 25 47 Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy (Nitinol), 22 341, 712... 

Individually indexed alloys or intermetallic compounds are Aluminium amalgam, 0051 Aluminium-copper-zinc alloy, 0050 Aluminium-lanthanum-nickel alloy, 0080 Aluminium-lithium alloy, 0052 Aluminium-magnesium alloy, 0053 Aluminium-nickel alloys, 0055 Aluminium-titanium alloys, 0056 Copper-zinc alloys, 4268 Ferromanganese, 4389 Ferrotitanium, 4391 Lanthanum-nickel alloy, 4678 Lead-tin alloys, 4883 Lead-zirconium alloys, 4884 Lithium-magnesium alloy, 4681 Lithium-tin alloys, 4682 Plutonium bismuthide, 0231 Potassium antimonide, 4673 Potassium-sodium alloy, 4646 Silicon-zirconium alloys, 4910... 

Kj, Co, Gy, + H, The double cyanide of nickel tin. With copper it forms a hard white alloy the ... 

Traces of arsenic may occur in many metals, e.g. antimony, bismuth, copper, iron, lead, nickel, tin and zinc, and in alloys derived from such metals. Its presence generally results from the use of arseniferous ores and inadequate purification of the metals. It is found as an impurity in many dyes and colouring matters, and some arsenic compounds... 

Cast irons - [IRON] (Vol 14) -dielectric constants of [STEAM] (Vol 22) -molybdenum m [MOLYBDENUM AND MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS] (Vol 16) -nickel m [NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS] (Vol 17) -tin alloys m [TIN AND TIN ALLOYS] (Vol 24)... 

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