Tin alloy

Rhodium-tin bimetallic particles have been deposited in a NaY zeolite. They were obtained by chemical vapor deposition with subsequent H2 reduction of SnR4 (R = C2H5 or CeHs) onto reduced Rh/NaY samples prepared by ion exchange (IE) or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The resultant product was used in the selective hydrogenation of a, (3-unsaturated aldehydes. 

Eckertova, Physics of Thin Eilms, Plenum Press, New York, 2nd edn., 1986 (b) C. E. Morosanu, Thin Films by Chemical Vapour Deposition, in Thin Eilms Science and Technology, Vol. 7, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990 

Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, in Synthesis and Processing, Vol. 1, Academic Press, San Diego (CA), 2000. 

Menicucci, C. Minarini, and M. Jelinek, Surf. Coat. Tech, 200, 1057 (2005) (d) S. Tamura, T. Ishida, H. Magara, T. Mihara, S. Mochizuki, and T. Tatsuta, Appl. Surf. Sci., 169, 425 (2001) (e) S. Tamura, T. Ishida, H. Magara, T. Mihara, O. Tabata, and T. Tatsuta, Thin Solid Eilms, 142, 343 (1999). 

Bertrand, F. Maury, and P. Duverneuil, Surf. Coat. Tech, 200, 6733 (2006). 

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Excellent antifriction properties and good hardness (qv) make lead—antimony—tin alloys suitable for journal bearings. The alloys contain 9—15 wt % antimony and 1—20 wt % tin and may also contain copper and arsenic, which improve compression, fatigue, and creep strength important in bearings. Lead—antimony—tin bearing alloys are Hsted in ASTM B23-92 (7). 

Lead—Calcium-Tin Alloys. Tin additions to lead—calcium and lead—calcium—aluminum alloys enhances the mechanical (8) and electrochemical properties (12). Tin additions reduce the rate of aging compared to lead—calcium binary alloys. The positive grid alloys for maintenance-free lead—calcium batteries contain 0.3—1.2 wt % tin and also aluminum. 

Cast lead—calcium—tin alloys usually contain 0.06—0.11 wt % calcium and 0.3 wt % tin. These have excellent fluidity, harden rapidly, have a fine grain stmcture, and are resistant to corrosion. Table 4 Hsts the mechanical properties of cast lead—calcium—tin alloys and other alloys. 

Wrought lead—calcium—tin alloys contain more tin, have higher mechanical strength, exhibit greater stabiUty, and are more creep resistant than the cast alloys. RoUed lead—calcium—tin alloy strip is used to produce automotive battery grids in a continuous process (13). Table 5 Hsts the mechanical properties of roUed lead—calcium—tin alloys, compared with lead—copper and roUed lead—antimony (6 wt %) alloys. 

Lea.dAnodes. A principal use for lead—calcium—tin alloys is lead anodes for electrowinning. The lead—calcium anodes form a hard, adherent lead dioxide layer during use, resist corrosion, and gready reduce lead contamination of the cathode. Anodes produced from cast lead—calcium (0.03—0.09 wt %) alloys have a tendency to warp owing to low mechanical strength and casting defects. 

A low melting (5°C) gallium—indium—tin alloy has been the choice for small spiral-groove bearings in vacuum for x-ray tubes at speeds up to 7000 rpm (71). Surface tension 30 times that of oil avoids leakage of the gallium alloy from the ends of the bearings. 

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