New products and processe

NWChem is part of the Molecular Science Software Suite (MS ) which has been recognized by R D Magazine as one of the 100 most technologically signihcant new products and processes of 1999. The other elements of MS are Ecce, which is a problem-solving environment, and ParSoft, which is the underlying libraries and tools for parallel communication and high-performance input/output. All of the MS components are available publicly. 

Experience has shown that reactive chemistry hazards are sometimes undetected during bench scale and pilot plant development of new products and processes. Reactive chemistry hazards must be identified so they can be addressed in the inherent safety review process. Chemists should be encouraged and trained to explore reactive chemistry of "off-normal operations. Simple reactive chemicals screening tools, such as the interactions matrix described in Section 4.2, can be used by R D chemists. 

The main role of pilot plant is in the scale-up of polymer formulations from laboratory to full scale production and the development of new processes and techniques, including trials of new equipment. The laboratory is normally where the chemistry of new products and processes is investigated and established. When scale-up is contemplated, the use of commercial quality materials will normally be investigated, test procedures established and certain processing tolerances examined. An experienced chemist can frequently learn much on the laboratory scale that will indicate likely scale-up behaviour, but it is always prudent to then go through the pilot stage before embarking on full scale production. 

Notification processes hinder new product and process development Potential for reducing costs... 

Around the world chemical professionals continually commercialize new products and processes. Much of this activity results in batch processing. Fine and custom chemicals can involve as many as ten to twenty batch reactions in series, sometimes with multi-step parallel paths, with various separation technologies between reaction steps. This paper is an attempt to reflect the experience of many individuals as seen through the author s eyes over almost four decades, with several very typical situations. 

There are many examples where commercial success of a new product and process are not achieved even when all the elements of an industrial business team are pulling together. The latest appears to be Group Transfer Polymerization. This is unfortunate for it is a beautiful piece of technology, but it is understandable from the laws of industrial polymer science presented previously. 

Benign chemistry seeks to develop and institutionalize alternative chemistries for pollution prevention. Significant challenges are available for chemists to design new products and processes that are less pollnting (Anastas and Farris, 1994). 

The above are only a few examples of the numerous major environmental problems that were created by the introduction of new products and processes. They should serve as reminders, as societies develop new products and processes to satisfy their... 

In the past, the principal factors that a businessman had to take into account when plotting a future course of activity for his firm were the attitude of the public toward his products and the likely actions and reactions of actual and potential competitors. If he chose to engage in research and development, he added a third category of worries—the possibility that nature might prove fickle and prevent his scientists and engineers from developing the new products and processes upon which his plans... 

Organic standards are not static, with revisions of certification standards commonly occurring every few years. Certification agencies usually have some form of certification review committee that considers new materials that become available for use, new information about existing allowed inputs, or new production and processing techniques that are introduced. 

Reduction in the time and expense for approving new biopharmaceuticals may accelerate development of new products and processes. The increase in the number of new biotechnology drugs and other products that... 

Another way to leverage the scarce research and development funds is to hire a catalyst-consulting group. Several catalyst-consulting companies exist to work on a confidential basis on projects sponsored by clients with an interest in business development, market strategy analysis, technological benchmarking, and new product and process innovation. 

We will continuously analyze and improve our practices, processes and products to reduce their risk and impact through the product life cycle. We will develop new products and processes that have increasing margins of safety for both human health and the environment... 

The converse of this situation also applies. The company should have a system in place, usually assigned to R D, which thoroughly checks its own proposed new products and processes, to ensure that it will not infringe somebody else s intellectual property once they are commercialised. If there are conflicting patent rights then a licence to operate will need to be sought from the inventors. 

The further development of those products which are currently being sold and the processes by which they are being made, is an essential activity in maintaining the product line and the financial health of the company, whilst new products and processes are in the pipeline. 

Not noted above is the profound effect that environmental concerns have on new products and processes. It was mentioned earlier that the chemical manufacturing industry spends about five billion dollars annually on pollution and environmental control. Thus, the entire staff of an organization must be aware of these costs and have concerns for the environment when new products and processes are created. 

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