Nevada

Lithium is presently being recovered from brines of Searles Lake, in California, and from those in Nevada. Large deposits of quadramene are found in North Carolina. The metal is produced electrolytically from the fused chloride. Lithium is silvery in appearance, much like Na and K, other members of the alkali metal series. It reacts with water, but not as vigorously as sodium. Lithium imparts a beautiful crimson color to a flame, but when the metal burns strongly, the flame is a dazzling white. 

Another dynamic iastmment, the Scentometer, is the basis for odor regulations ia the states of Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Nevada, and Wyoming, and ia the District of Columbia (324). The portable Scentometer (Bameby-Cheney) can produce dilution ratios up to 128 1 ia the field. The Scentometer blends two air streams, one of which has been deodorized with activated carbon. The dilution ratio is decreased until the odor becomes detectable (325). Improvements to dynamic methods have been recommended (326). 

James River Corp. of Nevada 2975 hybrid poplar 6 captive for fiber and fuel for paper mills, larger plantings are planned... 

In the United States, about 90% of gold production originates from ores and placer deposits. The remainder is recovered primarily as a by-product of the refining of base metals, chiefly copper. The principal gold producing states are Nevada (60%) and Califomia (10%) followed by Montana, Utah, S. Dakota, Washington, Colorado, Alaska, Idaho, Arizona, and New Mexico (7). 

Alaska, Washington, and Nevada. Ores of the Southeast Missouri lead belt and extensive deposits such as in Silesia and Morocco are of the replacement type. These deposits formed when an aqueous solution of the minerals, under the influence of changing temperature and pressure, deposited the sulfides in susceptible sedimentary rock, usually limestone and dolomites. These ore bodies usually contain galena, sphalerite, and pyrite minerals, but seldom contain gold, silver, copper, antimony, or bismuth. 

Sa.Ia.rs and Lakes. Brines having high lithium concentration are found in salars of northern Chile, southwestern Bohvia, and northwestern Argentina. Brines of lower lithium concentration are found in salars in the western United States and the Tibetan Plateau. Brines pumped from beneath the surface of the Salar de Atacama (Chile) and Silver Peak (Clayton Valley, Nevada) are used for commercial production of lithium uti1i2ing solar evaporation (see Chemicals frombrines). The concentration of selected ions in brines from salars and lakes of potential commercial interest worldwide are shown in Table 1. 

Hectorite usually contains 0.3—0.6% Li or 0.7—1.3% Li20. Deposits are found in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Ari2ona, and New Mexico. 

The most significant deposits are in southern Nevada, in the Lake Mead area, and in the McDermitt caldera complex on the Nevada—Oregon border. In the McDermitt caldera, lithium probably originated from volcanic sedimentary rocks deposited in the caldera moat. There is evidence that areas of the caldera were hydrothermically active contributing to enrichment of lithium (14). This and other similar deposits are not economically viable as of this writing. These deposits do represent a significant lithium reserve, however, whenever large expansion in demand occurs. 

L. Crocker and co-workers, Eithium audit s Recovey from Eow-Grade Nevada Clajs U.S. Dept, of the Interior Bulletin 691, Washington, D.C., 1988,... 

J. N. Butler, Studies in the Hydrometallurgy ofMercuy Sulfide, Nevada Bureau of Mines, Rept. No. 5. 

Spent nuclear fuel has fission products, uranium, and transuranic elements. Plans call for permanent disposal in underground repositories. Geological studies are in progress at the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada. Until a repository is completed, spent fuel must be stored in water pools or in dry storage casks at nuclear plant sites. 

Tuff, a compressed volcanic material, is the primary constituent of Yucca Mountain, near Las Vegas, Nevada, the site selected by Congress in 1987 for assessment for spent fuel disposal. An underground laboratory, to consist of many kilometers of tunnels and test rooms, is to be cut into the mountain with special boring equipment to determine if the site is suitable for a repository. 

The primary issue is to prevent groundwater from becoming radioactively contaminated. Thus, the property of concern of the long-lived radioactive species is their solubility in water. The long-lived actinides such as plutonium are metallic and insoluble even if water were to penetrate into the repository. Certain fission-product isotopes such as iodine-129 and technicium-99 are soluble, however, and therefore represent the principal although very low level hazard. Studies of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, tentatively chosen as the site for the spent fuel and high level waste repository, are underway (44). 

Includes Arizona, Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, New York, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Virginia. 

The Nevada Chemical Catastrophe Prevention Act (NCCPA) was developed in response to the two incidents in the late 1980s which occurred in Nevada. This act and its program regulations, enacted in 1991, became effective in 1992 (29,30). The legislation appHes to faciUties handling any of the 128 listed chemicals in quantities above a threshold quantity. 

Nevada Chemical Catastrophe Prevention A.ct State of Nevada, Nevada Revised Statutes 459.380 to 459.3874, Reno, Nev., 1991. 

The widespread availabiHty of electrical energy completely transformed modem society and enabled a host of breakthroughs in manufacturing, medical science, communications, constmction, education, and transportation. Centralized fossil fuel-powered, steam-turbine-based power plants remain the dominant means of electricity production. However, hydropower faciHties such as the 1900-MW Hoover Dam Power Project located on the Arizona—Nevada border, commissioned by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation during the 1930s, have also made significant contributions. 

Small tire chips have also been utilized as a soil amendment to improve athletic playing fields (see Recreational surfaces). A patented process marketed under the trade name Rebound (fai Tire) combines cmmb mbber from scrap tires with composted organic material to reduce soil compaction, resulting in better athletic playing surfaces (52). Installations have been made in Florida, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, Virginia, and Wisconsin. 

Mexico, the world s leading producer of silver since the Spanish conquest, obtains virtually its entire silver production from lead—2inc mines in the central cordillera. Mexico retained its dominance in silver production until the discovery of the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859. Discoveries in Colorado, Ari2ona, and Montana placed the United States as the world s top silver producer from 1871 until 1900. As these mines played out, Mexico s vast resources returned it to its former position of dominance. 

The discovery of aqua regia by the Arab alchemist Jabir Ibn Hayyan (ad 720—813) provided a new extraction technology. Amalgamation of silver in ores with mercury was extensively used during the late fifteenth century by the Spaniards in Mexico and BoLvia. In 1861 the complex ores of the Comstock Lode, Nevada, were ground together with mercury, salt, copper sulfate, and sulfuric acid, and then steam-heated to recover the silver. 

Trona), Cargill (Amboy), Salt Products Co. (Milligan), and Western (Chula Vista) Nevada, x, Huck (Fallon) Utah, 0 Namsco (Ogden), Akzo Nobel... 

Solvent extraction foUowing roasting and leaching is a promising processing method for dolomitic shale from Nevada (9). 

P. T. Brooks and G. M. Potter, Tecovering Hanadium from Dolomitic Nevada Shale, Bureau of Mines RI 7932, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C.,... 

The most important hazard ia the manufacturiag of xanthates is the use of carbon disulfide (qv) because of its low flash poiat, ignition temperature, and its toxicity. A report on the manufacture of sodium ethyl xanthate at Keimecott Nevada Mines Division discusses the various safety problems and the design of a faciUty (81). A plant layout and a description of the reagent preparations are also given. 

World reserves of antimony (5) ate estimated to be from 4—5 million metric tons. Approximately 80% of the world s reserves are located in China, Bohvia, Russia, Thailand, the RepubHc of South Africa, and Mexico China has the world s largest reserves. The United States possesses only 2% of the world s reserves. Most of the antimony produced in the United States is from the complex antimony deposits found in Idaho, Nevada, Alaska, and... 

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