Nevada Test Site

It has been traditional to subject workers to higher risks than the public, (a) Write a short discussion of the equities of this practice with consideration for the fact the worker may leave employment that imposed a long term risk, (b) The Nevada Test Site has been selected as a possible location for a high level waste repository. For purposes of the risk assessment, the workers in the repository will be treated as workers with subsequent higher allowable risk. There are many other workers at NTS. Discuss whether these should be treated as workers or public, (c) If they are treated... 

Cherdyntsev W (1971) Uranium-234. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem Cochran JK, Masque P (2003) Short-lived U/Th-series radionuclides in the ocean tracers for scavenging rates, export fluxes and particle dynamics. Rev Mineral Geochem 52 461-492 Copenhaver SA, Krishnaswami S, Turekian KK, Shaw H (1992) and Th series nuclides in groundwater from the J-13 well at the Nevada test site implications for ion retardation. Geophys Res Lett 19 1383-1386... 

Nevada Test Site Area 13 (outer compound) and near Area 13, but outside the area, 1973-1976 ... 

DOE. 1979c. Summary report of the grazing studies conducted on a plutonium-contaminated range in area 13 of the Nevada test site. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy. NTIS/EMSL-LV-0539-24. 

Lee SY, Tamura T, Larsen IL, et al. 1987. Characteristics of radionuclide-contaminated soils from the Sedan crater area at the Nevada test site. Soil Sci 144(2) 113 -121. 

Schulz RK, Tompkins GA, Leventhal L, et al. 1976. Uptake of plutonium and americium by barley from two contaminated Nevada test site soils. J Environ Qual 5(4) 406-410. 

The Plumbbob Test Series was conducted at the Nevada Test Site in 1957 (see U.S. 

Mills, H. L. and Shields, L. M. (1961). Root absorption of fission products by Bromus Rubess, L. from the AEC Nevada Test Site soil contaminated by an underground nuclear explosion, Radiat. Bot. 1, 84. 

The experimentation in the field of gas cloud fires appears to be limited. The unique set of large-scale experiments that involve the release, dispersion, ignition, and combustion of flammable natural gas clouds in the open air is that with the code name Coyote. Coyote series trials conducted by LLNL in 1983 at California s Nevada Test Site, Nevada provided an integrated dataset for use in validation studies [64,65]. The objective of the experiments was to determine the transport and dispersion of vapors from LNG spills, and in addition to investigate the damage potential of vapor cloud fires. Transient simulations... 

Black-tailed jack rabbit, Lepus californicus Nevada test site, bone, 90Sr ... 

Neel, J.W. and K.H. Larson. 1963. Biological availability of strontium-90 to small native animals in fallout patterns from the Nevada test site. Pages 45-49 in V. Schultz and A.W. Klement, Jr. (eds.). Radioecology. Reinhold, New York. 

Esparza, E. D., and Baker, W. E., "Blast Measurements for the Full-Scale Gravel Gertie Test at Nevada Test Site," Final Report, P.0. No. F5305800, Mason Hanger, Silas Mason Co., Inc., Amarillo, TX, Dec. 1982. 

US Army Dugway Proving Ground, UT Nevada Test Site, NV (Proposed)... 

Finally, a study is underway to determine the suitability of the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada which has been used in the past for both surface and underground testing of nuclear weapons, to see if it may possibly be suitable as a potential permanent radioactive waste repository site. 

Nevada Test Site, hopefully as early as 1979. Both of these experiments are strictly to establish a better understanding of the interactions between thfe waste form and the media. In neither case is the experimental location considered as a permanent disposal location. 

Information on the interaction of radionuclides with ground-water in deeply-buried, high-level, long-term "waste repositories" is available at only a few locations. One is the OKLO natural reactor in Gabon which has for over 1. 7 billion years retained some of the radionuclides also present in nuclear wastes (5). Another is the Nevada test Site, where radionuclides were first deposited underground on September 19, 1967 during the 1.7 kt... 

Borg, I. Y., Stone, R., Levy, H. B., Ramspott, L. D., "Information Pertinent to the Migration of Radionuclides in Ground Water at the Nevada Test Site," Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Rept. UCRL-52078, Part 1 "Review and Analysis of Existing Information," (May 25, 1976) ... 

Hoffman, D. C., Stone, R., Dudley, W. W., Jr., "Radioactivity in the Underground Environment of the Cambric Nuclear Explosion at the Nevada Test Site," Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Rept. LA-6877-MS, (July, 1977). 

Wolfsberg, K., "Sorption-Desorption Studies of Nevada Test Site Alluvium and Leaching Studies of Nuclear Explosion Debris," Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Kept. LA-7216-MS, (April, 1978). 

Rock Samples. Three rock types were selected as substrates basalt from the Umtanum unit in the Pasco Basin in Washington state, quartz monzonite from the Climax Stock of the Nevada Test Site, and shale (metashale) from the Eleana Formation of the Nevada Test Site. Since both the basalt and the quartz monzonite exhibited different kinds and amounts of alteration within the same rock type, two samples from each rock type were used in the experiments. However, there was insufficient material to study the interaction of the more altered of these rock types with all five actinides, therefore, only the interaction with Pu was studied. 

However, Am and Cm tend to be more available than Pu to the rats examined (Fig. 4) although the differences are not significant when sample variability is considered. Evidence for Am enrichment in the field may in fact be totally obscured by biological variability. Field studies at the Nevada Test Site with cattle exemplify this problem. When 5 tissue types from up to 20 animals which had grazed on contaminated soil were examined for Pu and Am, Pu/Am ratios varied by almost 2 orders of magnitude (31). 

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