Unified model

A unified model that deseribes the stmetnre from the atomistie length seale up to maeroseopie properties is not analytieally traetable. Even state-of-the-art siipereomputers eaimot eope with siieh a broad spread of time and length seales in mimerieal simulations. Today s largest simulated systems in thennal equilibrium... 

G. Booch, J. Rumbaugh, I. Jacobson, Unified Modelling Language User Guide, Addison Wesley Longman, Reading, Mass 1999. 

The physical description of strongly pressure dependent magnetic properties is the object of considerable study. Edwards and Bartel [74E01] have performed the more recent physical evaluation of strong pressure and composition dependence of magnetization in their work on cobalt and manganese substituted invars. Their work contrasts models based on a localized-electron model with a modified Zener model in which both localized- and itinerant-electron effects are incorporated in a unified model. Their work favors the latter model. 

Foscolo, P.U., Gibilaro, L.G. and Waldram, S.P., 1983. A unified model for particulate expansion of fluidised beds and flow in porous media. Chemical Engineering Science, 38, 1251-1260. 

An ongoing debate continues among researchers regarding the mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of tantalum in fluoride melts. No unified model exists for the process. Espinola et al. [545] concluded, based on an investigation of the electrochemical reduction of tantalum from a molten LiF-NaF-KF eutectic solution, that the process takes place in two stages. The first, reversible step involves the transfer of two electrons ... 

The power, [P], in the fractal power-law regime gives as the fractal dimension, d(. P = —df for each level of the fit, the parameters obtained using the unified model are G, Rg, B, and P. P is the exponent of the power-law decay. When more than one level is fitted, numbered subscripts are used to indicate the level—i.e., G —level 1 Guinier pre-factor. The scattering analysis in the studies summarized here uses two-level fits, as they apply to scattering from the primary particles (level 1) and the aggregates (level 2). 

T. Schuller, D. Durox, and S. Candel. A unified model for the prediction of flame transfer functions Comparison... 

Anguita, F. and Hernan, F. 2000. The Canary Islands origin a unifying model. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 103 1-26. 

Schmickler W. 1995. A unified model for electrochemical electron and ion transfer reactions. Chem Phys Lett 152-160. 

The simple models that we have reviewed here help in visualizing the strueture of liquid-liquid interfaces and the reaetions that oeeur at them. In addition, they prediet trends and orders of magnitudes. So far, the lattice gas has been unique in that it ean serve as a unifying model for praetieally all processes at the interfaee. The other models that we have discussed aim to explain partieular features. 

McMahon, M. T., deDios, A. D, Godbout, N., Salzmann, R., Laws, D. D., Le, H., Havlin, R. H., Oldfield, E., 1998, An Experimental and Quantum Chemical Investigation of CO Binding to Heme Proteins and Model Systems A Unified Model Based on 13C, 170 and 57Fe Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and 57Fe Mossbauer and Infrared Spectroscopies , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 4784. 

Merchan M, Gonzalez-Luque R, Climent T, Serrano-Andres L, Rodriuguez E, Reguero M, Pelaez D (2006) Unified model for the ultrafast decay of pyrimidine nucleobases. J Phys Chem B 110 26471-26476... 

Barnea, D., 1987, A Unified Model for Predicting Flow Pattern Transitions for the Whole Range of Pipe Inclinations, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 13 1. (3)... 

Dhir, V. K., and S. P. Liaw, 1989, Framework for a Unified Model for Nucleate and Transition Pool Boiling, Trans. ASME J. Heat Transfer 777 739-746. (2)... 

Popendorf, W.J. (1985) Advances in the unified model for re-entry hazards in Dermal exposure related to pesticide in use, in Discussion of Risk Assessment, Honeycutt, R.C., Zweig, G., and Ragsdale, N.N., Eds., ACS Symposium Series 273, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 323-340. 

An example of the application of a unified model to the design of a three-phase, fluidized bed bioreactor is the scale down, scale up procedure. A model of the full scale reactor is developed, then is used to design... 

The theory of such processes was developed in an important paper by Ruckenstein and Prieve (1973). Their treatment and the later treatment of Samec (Samec et al, 1986) for the case of ion transfer is essentially the same, and we now develop a simplified and unified model for both systems using the concepts of transition-state theory. 

Mechanotransduction is of great utility for all organisms 833 A unified model for mechanotransduction allows comparison of mechanoreceptors from many organisms and cell types 833... 

A unified model for mechanotransduction allows comparison of mechanoreceptors from many organisms and cell types. Mechanoreceptors nearly universally use ion channels for transducing sensory information. Mechanoreceptors are either neurons or are neuroepithelial cells with synapses, and the currency of the nervous system is the membrane potential. Opening an ion channel allows a cell quickly and extensively to modulate its membrane potential, and hence neurotransmitter release, the final step in mechanoreception at the cellular level. 

While a treatment of this unified model for electron- and ion-transfer reactions is beyond the scope of this book, we can gain some insight into the nature of electrochemical reactions by looking at some of its results. In particular, this model makes it possible to calculate the potential-energy surface of a reaction. To understand the meaning of... 

Catalysis uses notation based on the industry standard Unified Modeling Language... 

The notation used is based on that of the Unified Modeling Language (UML 1.1). What we add is a systematic way to use this language, a way to establish and maintain the relationships between the documents, and a clear semantics for abstract models. 

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) 1.0 was defined by a consortium of companies between 1996 and 1997 and was submitted for standardization by the OMG The companies who cosubmitted the proposal were Rational, HP, TI, Microsoft, ICON Computing, Unisys, and MCI Systemhouse. UML 1.1 was standardized in September 1997. 

Tipping, E. and Hurley, M. A. (1992). A unifying model of cation binding by humic substances, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 3627-3641. 

Clearly, there are many exceptions to this view. Theoretically, it is interesting to see how much a unifying model can explain the localization of the total set of mitochondrial proteins. 

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