Neuroepithelial

Fig. 5.3(b) Female rat, isolated VN neuroepithelial cell response to 1 20 dilution of male rat urine, spike traces truncated at -30 mV (from Trotier et al., 1998). 

Szabo K. and Mendoza A. (1988). Developmental studies on the rat vomeronasal organ vascular pattern and neuroepithelial differentiation. I. Light microscopy. Brain Res 467, 253-258. 

Human embryonic stem cells / Culture as floating aggregratesN. (embryoid bodies), forming / neuroepithelial cells s Culture to form midbrain dopamine neurons ... 

A unified model for mechanotransduction allows comparison of mechanoreceptors from many organisms and cell types. Mechanoreceptors nearly universally use ion channels for transducing sensory information. Mechanoreceptors are either neurons or are neuroepithelial cells with synapses, and the currency of the nervous system is the membrane potential. Opening an ion channel allows a cell quickly and extensively to modulate its membrane potential, and hence neurotransmitter release, the final step in mechanoreception at the cellular level. 

Hair cells are neuroepithelial cells their large basolat-eral surface includes synaptic contacts with afferent and efferent nerve fibers, while the mechanically sensitive hair bundle is located on their apical surface. The hair bundle is an ensemble of 30-300 actin-filled stereocilia and a single axonemal kinocilium (Fig. 51-2). The kinocilium,... 

Here are the bare essentials of taste bud structure. At the top of the taste bud, there is a small pore opening into the bud. Tastants get access to the taste bud molecular machinery through this pore. The body of the taste bud is composed of 30-100 individual neuroepithelial cells, of three types. The key cell type is the sensory cell in whose membrane is embedded the receptors for tastants. The afferent taste nerve... 

Veizovic, T., Beech, J.S., Stroemer, R.P., Watson, W.P., Hodges, H. (2001). Resolution of stroke deficits following contralateral grafts of conditionally immortal neuroepithelial stem cells. Stroke, 32,1012-9. 

Gultekin SH, Dalmau J, Graus Y, Posner JB, Rosenblum MK. Anti-Hu immunolabeling as an index of neuronal differentiation in human brain tumors A study of 112 central neuroepithelial neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 1998 22(2) 195-200. 

Tumors are classified by their tissue of origin. Astrocytomas fall into the largest category of tumors of neuroepithelial tissue. Neoplastic neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are categorized by the World Health Organization... 

The vertebrate nervous system including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and other cells originates from a flat sheet of neuroepithelial cells, constituent of the inner lining of neural plate along the dorsal surface of embryo (Fujita, 2003). These neuroepithelial cells are the earliest precursors in the developing CNS. 

There are some indications that mammals possess at least two H2O2 sensors. One is located in cells of the lung neuroepithelial bodies, being responsible for constriction of the lung airways when the H2O2 level rises [6,7]. The other performs the same function in the blood vessels, being found in cells of the carotid body [8-10]. 

The work-to-rest transition results in a decrease of the O2 consumption in cells, a rise in the blood O2 concentration, and consequent lowering of O2 diffusion from the lungs to the blood. As a result, [O2] outside the neuroepithelial cells rises, NADPH oxidase is activated, [H2O2] increases, channel opens, and serotonin is not released. The final event will be a decrease in the O2 supply to the body due to a constriction of airways [8]. 

It is generally assumed that the lung neuroepithelial cells as well as carotid cells are O2 sensors [8]. From this point of view, however, it is difficult to understand why the O2 sensors of animals are organized in such a complex manner. It is known that the O2 sensors are already inherent in bacteria, where they are much simpler than in animals and are competent in [O2] monitoring by means of a direct O2 binding. ... 

Figure 1. H2O2 sensor in the plasma membrane of the lung neuroepithelial and carotid cells.

In this context, it should be noted that one of the most aggressive types of cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, represents, in fact, a result of malignant transformation of the lung neuroepithelial cells. These tumor cells still produce the same neuromediators [21, 22] and contain both NADPH oxidase and the H202-stimulated channels [8]. Even more, malignant transformation was found to be oxygen-dependent [23]. 

Li R, Gao WQ Mather JP (1996) Multiple factors control the proliferation and differentiation of rat early embryonic (day 9) neuroepithelial cells. Endocrine 5 205-217. 

Astic L, Saucier D (1986) Anatomical mapping of the neuroepithelial projection to the olfactory bulb in the rat. Brain Res Bull 16(4) 445-454... 

Camarillo C, Miranda RC (2008) Ethanol exposure during neurogenesis induces persistent effects on neural maturation evidence from an ex vivo model of fetal cerebral cortical neuroepithelial progenitor maturation. Gene Expr 14(3) 159-171... 

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