Neural induction

The FGFs stimulate the proliferation of mesodermally and ectodermally-derived cells and play central roles in mammalian development. Members of the FGF family are expressed in the embryonic period and are required for several critical events in neural development and specifically for neural induction. FGF-8 is necessary for positional identity required for axial specification and patterning of limb development. FGF-2 stimulates the proliferation of multipotential stem cells that subsequently give rise to neurons of the cortex and other brain regions. 

Hemmati-Brivanlou, A. and Melton, D. Vertebrate neural induction. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 20 43-60,1997. 

Munoz-Sanjuan I, Biivanlou AH (2002) Neural induction, the default model and embryonic stem cells. Nat Rev Neurosci 3 271-280. 

Collectively, these results demonstrate that neural induction occurs prior to gastrulation in avian embryos, which is much earlier than previously thought (Streit et al., 2000). Furthermore, neural induction is more complex than a... 

Harland, R. 2000. Neural induction. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10, 357-362. 

Kintner, C.R., Dodd, J. 1991. Hensen s node induces neural tissue in Xenopus ectoderm. Implications for the action of the organizer in neural induction. Development 113, 1495-1505. 

Streit, A., Lee, K.J., Woo, I., Roberts, C., Jessell, T.M., Stern, C.D. 1998. Chordin regulates primitive streak development and the stability of induced neural cells, but is not sufficient for neural induction in the chick embryo. Development 125, 507-519. 

Streit, A., Stern, C.D. 1999. Neural induction. A bird s eye view. Trends Genet. 15, 20-24. 

Wilson, P., Hemmati-Brivanlou, A. 1997. Vertebrate neural induction inducers, inhibitors and a new synthesis. Neuron. 18, 699-710. 

Otx2 is required lor normal anterior neural induction and gastrulation. . 214... 

Knoetgen, H., Teichmann, U., Wittier, L., Viebahn, C., Kessel, M. 2000. Anterior neural induction by nodes from rabbits and mice. Dev. Biol. 225, 370-380. 

Shawlot, W., Deng, J.M., Behringer, R.R. 1998. Expression of the mouse cerberus-related gene, Cerrl, suggests a role in anterior neural induction and somitogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95,... 

In order to study the interplay between intrinsic and environmental (growth factor) regulation of precursor cells within the developing nervous sytem, it is important to establish whether individual neuroepithelial cells retain the capacity to differentiate into both neurons and glia in other words, to what extent do regulatory processes acting after neural induction exert an instructive effect upon neural cell lineage ... 

Since all cells ultimately are derived from a single cell - the fertilized egg - a complete overview on the neuron development should peruse through initial steps of neural induction in the ectoderm of the blastula embryo, and the sequential activation of the neurogenic program in the neural tube through neurite outgrowth during final differentiation step. 

Almeida, K.L. Abreu, J.G. Yan, C.Y.I. (2010). Neural Induction. In Perspectives of Stem Cells-From Tools for Studying Mechanisms of Neuronal Diff entiation towards Therapy, H. Ulrich, (Org.), Dordresch Springer, ISBN 978-90-481-3374-1. 

Linker, C. Stern, C.D. (2004). Neural induction requires BMP inhibition only as a late step, and involves signals other than FGF and Wnt antagonists. Development, Vol. 131(22), pp. 5671-5681. 

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