Neurocognitive function

Silent infarcts" as evidenced by changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been reported in 21.8% of HbSS and may be associated with increased risk of stroke and decreased neurocognitive function. 

Kramer AF, Hahn S and McAuley E (2000). Influence of aerobic fitness on the neurocognitive function of older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 8, 379-385. 

Hoff AL, Riordan H, Morris L, Cestaro V, Wieneke M, Alpert R, Wang GJ, Volkow N. (1996). Effects of crack cocaine on neurocognitive function. Psychiatry Res. 60(2-3) 167-76. 

Legitimate clinical research is being conducted with vitamins in many areas including heart disease, ophthal-mological disease, neurocognitive function, and dermatological diseases. It is important for physicians to be aware of scientific information that either supports or refutes a role for vitamins in the maintenance of health or in the avoidance of disease. 

Although most clinicians support chelation for symptomatic patients with elevated blood lead concentrations, the decision to chelate asymptomatic subjects is more controversial. Since 1991, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended chelation for all children with blood lead concentrations of 45 mcg/dL or greater. However, a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of succimer in children with blood lead concentrations between 25 mcg/dL and 44 mcg/dL found no benefit on neurocognitive function or long-term blood lead reduction. Prophylactic use of chelating agents in the workplace should never be a substitute for reduction or prevention of excessive exposure. 

Reflects a fundamental aspect of waking neurocognitive functions Measures the ability to use attention or working memory over time Capitalizes on brain structures subserving basic cognitive functions... 

Meyers, C.A. et al. (2004) Neurocognitive function and progression in patients with brain metastases treated with whole-brain radiation and motexafin gadolinium results of a randomized phase III trial, J. Clin. Oncol. 22, 157-165. 

Goldberg TE, Gold JM. 1995. Neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia An overview. Psychopharmacology, the Fourth Generation of Progress. Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. New York Raven Press Ltd. pp. 1245-1257. 

Kee KS, Kern RS, Green MF. 1998. Perception of emotion and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia What s the link Psychiatry Res 81 57-65. 

Krai MC, Brown RT, Nietert PJ, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and neurocognitive functioning in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatrics 2003 112 324-331. 

Pliskin NH, Yurk HM, Ho LT Umans JG. (1996). Neurocognitive function in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 49, 1435-1440. 

Khalil, N., L.A. Morrow, H. Needleman, E.O. Talbott, J.W.Wilson, and J.A. Cauley. 2009a. Association of cumulative lead and neurocognitive function in an occupational cohort. Neuropsychology 23(1) 10-19. 

Michael K. Georgieff, M.D., is a professor in the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Development and codirector of the Center for Neurobehavioral Development at the University of Minnesota School of Medicine. His expertise and research interests are in fetal and neonatal nutrition and neurodevelopment, with special emphasis on the effect of fetal/ neonatal iron nutrition on brain development and neurocognitive function and the effect of illness on neonatal protein-energy metabolism. Dr. Georgieff received his M.D. from the Washington University Medical School. He is a member of the Perinatal Research Society, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Society for Pediatric Research, and the American Pediatric Society. 

Rosenberg, I.H., 2001. B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function. Nutrition Reviews. 59 S69 S73. 

Selhub, J., Bagley, L.C., Miller, J., and Rosenberg, I.H., 2000. B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function in the elderly. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 71 614S-620S. 

The principal focus of epidemiological studies of lead developmental neurotoxicity entailed evaluations of general neurocognitive function. However, other endpoints have been evaluated with a number of significant results in areas such as lead s effects on academic achievement, social malbehavior, and specific domains of neural function in children. Illustrative studies are summarized in Table 12.13. 

Jamrozinski K, Gruber O, Kemmer C, Falkai P, Scherk H. Neurocognitive functions in euth5fmic bipolar patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009 119(5) 365-74. 

Schiepers, O.J.G., de Groof R.H.M., van Boxlel, M.P.J., Jolles, J., de Jong, A., Luetjohann, D., Plat, J., and Mensink, R.P. 2009. Consuming functional foods enriched with plant sterol or stand esters for 85 weeks does not effect neurocognitive functioning or mood in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic individuals. J JVwft 739 1368-1373. 

Kim SW, Chung YC, Lee YH, Lee JH, KimSY, BaeBCY, et al. Paliperidone ER versus risperidone for neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia a randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Int Qin Psychopharmacol 2012 27(5) 267-74. 

Gilbertson, M.W., Paulus, L.A., Williston, S.K., et al, 2006. Neurocognitive function in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 115, 484-495. 

We concluded that in utero exposure to organic solvents is associated with poorer performance on some specific subtle measures of neurocognitive function, language, and behavior. Reducing exposure in pregnancy is merited until more refined risk assessment is possible. Further studies that address exposure to specific solvents, dose, and gestational timing of exposure are needed. 

Studies of lead at low dose and neurocognitive function are appearing at an exponentially increasing rate, and the issue has produced almost as many review articles as original papers. In an area where methodological changes... 

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