Neuroblastoma cell lines, human

In addition to the pre-synaptic effects, CX3CL1 modulates the functional properties of ligand-gated channels at post-synaptic sites. In SK-N-SH cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line, CX3CL1 reduces the amplitude of NMDA-induced calcium transients (Deiva et al. 2004). In these cells, CX3CL1 application causes a PTX insensitive transient increase in the intracellular Ca " concentration dependent on... 

Newton RA, Phipps SL, Flanigan TP, Newberry NR, Carey JE, Kumar C, McDonald B, Chen C, Elliott JM. (1996). Characterisation of human 5-hydroxytryptamine2A and 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors expressed in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y comparative stimulation by hallucinogenic drugs. J Neurochem. 67(6) 2521-31. 

The implementation of animal test protocols in the 1980s has been accompanied by the development of a host of alternative methods to study adverse effects of chemicals on reproductive and developmental parameters. For example, rat whole embryo culture stems from the seventies (16), as does the rat limb bud organ culture (17) and rat limb bud and brain micromass was developed in the eighties (18). An elegant nonvertebrate alternative model used regeneration of polyps of Hydra atUnuata from dissociated cells (19). Animal-free in vitro alternatives include those employing the proliferation of a human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell line (20), the attachment of a mouse ovarian tumor cell line (21), and the differentiation of a neuroblastoma cell line (22) and a embryonal carcinoma cell line (23). Various overviews of methods have been published over the years (24). The predictability of... 

In a human neuroblastoma cell line, Cova et al. (1992) found acrylonitrile to be highly toxic, showing an EC50 of 72.5 nM for cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic potency of potassium cyanide was 2.5 J,M, thus acrylonitrile toxicity in these cells cannot be attributed to its metabolism to cyanide. 

Cova, D., Fumagalli, P. Santagostino, A. (1992) Toxicity of acrylonitrile in a human neuroblastoma cell line and its effect on glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase. Bull, environ. Contam. Toxicol., 49, 886-891... 

Tsuji, S., Yamashita, T., Matsuda, Y., and Nagai, Y. (1992). A novel glycosignaling system GQlb-dependent neuritogenesis of human neuroblastoma cell line, GOTO, is closely associated with GQlb-dependent ecto-type protein phosphorylation. Neurochem. Int. 21, 549-554. 

The delta opioid receptor also could stimulate the PLC activity and increase intracellular Ca2+ level in mechanism other than the activation of Gi/Go proteins. In a human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-BE, delta opioid receptors mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular ryanodine-sensitive stores which is independent of the PTX-sensitive G /G0 proteins [94]. Coexpressing the delta opioid receptor with G16, a promiscuous G protein, allows for a PTX-insensitive stimulation of the PLC activity by the opioid agonist [95]. Thus, the ability of the opioid receptors to stimulate PLC(3 is determined in part by the availability of complementary G proteins in any particular cell type. 

Jamaicamides A, B, and G exhibited cytotoxidty to both the H-460 human lung carcinoma and neuro-2a mouse neuroblastoma cell lines. The LG50S were approximately 15 p,M for all three compounds to both cell lines. All three compounds also exhibited sodium charmel-blocking activity at 5 p,M concentration. In the goldfish toxicity assay, a system that has been useful for the detedion of neurotoxic activity in cmde extrads as well as purified compounds, jamaicamide B was the most active (100 % lethality at 5 ppm after 90 min), followed by jamaicamide G (100 % lethality at... 

Seitz G, Gebhardt S, Beck JF, Bohm W, Lode HN, Niethammer D, and Bruchelt G (1998) Ascorbic acid stimulates DOPA synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH. Neuroscience Letters 244,33-6. 

Fig. 1. Pertussis toxin-mediated ADP ribosylation of membrane G proteins. Isolated cell membranes (50 ng of protein) from N1E 115 cells (mouse neuroblastoma cell line), N2A cells (mouse neuroblastoma cell line), S49-1 eye cells (S49(-) mutated mouse lymphoma cell line deficient in Ga ), 549 wt cells (wild-type mouse lymphoma cell line), RBL (RBL 2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cell line), GH3 cells (GH3 rat hypophyseal tumor cell line), PC-12 (rat pheochromocytoma cell line), HIT-T15 cells (hamster insulinoma cell line), Y-1 cells (mouse adrenal cortex tumor cell line), 108 cc 15 cells (mouse/rat neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell line), HL-60 cells (DMSO-differentiated human leukemia cell line), HL-60 (+PT) cells (HL-60 cells pretreated with 25 ng/ml of pertussis toxin for 24 h prior to preparation of membranes), RINm5F cells (rat insulinoma cell line), and C6-2 cells (rat glioma cell line) were subjected to P-ADP-ribosylation as described in section 4.3.3. Samples were precipitated as outlined in section 4.3.5 and subjected to SDS-PAGE with separating gels containing 8% acrylamide (w/v). An autoradiogram of the dried gel is shown. Molecular masses of marker proteins are indicated (kDa). Modified Ga proteins migrate at approximately 40 kDa. Radioactivity running in front of the 30 kDa marker protein comigrates with the dye front...

In a study using a human neuroblastoma cell line, mixtures of three different organophosphates (azinphos-methyl, diazanon, and dimethoate), and mixtures of an organic phosphate (pirimiphos-methyl) and a benzim-idizole fungicide (benomyl) showed greater toxicity toward protein synthesis than the individual pesticides. I21 The authors of the study concluded that it is not feasible to predict the toxicities of pesticide mixtures on the basis of the toxicities of the single components. 

Discovery Epolactaene (1) was isolated from the fungal strain Penicillium sp. BM 1689-P as a neuritogenic compound that induced neurite outgrowth in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, which lacks significant TRK family mRNAs [1],... 

Sheikh, S.P., O Hare, M.M.T., Tortora, O. Schwartz, T.W. (1989b) Binding of mono-iodinated neuropeptide Y to hippocampal membranes and human neuroblastoma cell lines. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 6648 6654. 

The human Y1 mRNA is about 3.5-4 kb and was detected in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC by Northern hybridization (Larhammar et al., 1992). An in situ hybridization study with a riboprobe reported widespread distribution in human fetal and adult organs, e.g. colon, kidney, heart, placenta and adrenal (Wharton etal., 1993). However, a Northern hybridization in the same study detected a single mRNA of only 2.2 kb suggesting that the specificity of the probe for Y1 mRNA may be questioned. Curiously, in the same study the size for NPY mRNA was reported as 3.3 kb, which disagrees with the size seen in a human pheochromocytoma (0.8 kb) as well as the size of the human cDNA clone which ends with a poly(A) tract (Minth et al., 1984). 

Gordon, E.A., Kohout, T.A. Fishman, P.H. (1990) Characterization of functional neuropeptide Y receptors in a human neuroblastoma cell line. J. Neurochem. 55, 506-513. 

Larhammar et al., 1992). Therefore, special attention was paid to the investigation of SR 120819A at human NPY receptors using the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC, which only expresses Y1 receptors (Fuhlendorff et al., 1990 Feth et al., 1991). 

Fujisawa, H., Ogura, T., Kurashima, Y., Yokoyama, T., Yamashita, J., and Esumi, H. (1994). Expression of two types of nitric oxide synthase mRNA in human neuroblastoma cell lines. J. Neurochem. 63, 140-145. 

NB4I43 mouse neuroblastoma and SK.-N-SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines differentiated with retinoic acid (Ehrich etal.. J997)... 

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