Tyrosine hydroxylase gene

O Malley KL, Anhalt MJ, Martin BM, Kelsoe JR, Winfield SL, et al. 1987. Isolation and characterization of the human tyrosine hydroxylase gene identification of 5 alternative splice sites responsible for multiple mRNAs. Biochemistry 26 6910-6914. 

Chang M-S, HahnMK, SvedAF, ZigmondMJ, Austin MC, et al. 2000. Analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription... 

Comings, D., Gade, R., Muhleman, D., and Sverd, J. (1995) No association of a tyrosine hydroxylase gene tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in autism, Tourette syndrome, or ADHD. Biol Psychiatry 37 484 86. 

Chiba M, Suzuki S, Hinokio Y, et al. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene microsatellite polymorphism associated with insulin resistance in depressive disorder. Metabolism 2000 49 1145-1149. 

Bonnin, A., de Miguel, R., Rodriguez-Manzaneque, J. C., Femandez-Ruiz, J. J., Santos, A., and Ramos, J. A. (1994). Changes in tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in mesencephalic catecholaminergic neurons of immature and adult male rats perinatally exposed to cannabinoids. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 81, 147-150. 

Mishra R.R., G. Adhikary, M.S. Simonson, N.S. Chemiack, and N.R. Prabhakar (1998). Role of c-fos in hypoxia induced AP-1 element activity and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression. Molec. Brain Res. 59 74-83. 

Zhou QY, Quaife CJ, Palmiter RD (1995) Targeted disruption of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene reveals that catecholamines are required for mouse fetal development. Nature 374 640-643. 

Icard-Liepkalns C, Biguet NF, Vyas S, Robert JJ, Sassone-Corsi PC, Mallet J (1992) AP-1 complex and c-fos transcription are involved in TPA provoked and trans-synaptic inductions of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene insights into long-term regulatory mechanisms. J Neurosci Res 32 290-298. 

Kobayashi K, Kaneda N, Ichinose H, Kishi F, Nakazawa A, Kurosawa Y, Fujita K, Nagatsu T (1988) Structure of the human tyrosine hydroxylase gene alternative splicing from a single gene accounts for generation of four mRNA types. J Biochem 703 907-912. 

Le Bourdelles B, Boularand S, Boni C, Horellou P, Dumas S, Grima B, Mallet J (1988) Analysis of the 5 region of the human tyrosine hydroxylase gene combinatorial patterns of exon splicing generate multiple regulated tyrosine hydroxylase isoforms. J Neurochem 50 988-991. 

Nakahara D, Hashiguti H, Kaneda N, Sasaoka T, Nagatsu T (1993) Normalization of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in vivo in the striatum of transgenic mice carrying human tyrosine hydroxylase gene—A microdialysis study. Neurosci Lett 158 44-46. 

Seitz G, Gebhardt S, Beck JF, Bohm W, Lode HN, Niethammer D, and Bruchelt G (1998) Ascorbic acid stimulates DOPA synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH. Neuroscience Letters 244,33-6. 

Du, X., Stull, N.D. and lacovitti, L. (1994) Novel expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene requires both acidic fibroblast growth factor and an activator. J. Neurosci. 14 7688-7694. 

Fung, B.P., Yoon, S.O. and Chikaraishi, D.M. (1992) Sequences that direct the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression. J. Neurochem. 58 2044—2052. 

Lewis, E.J. and Chikaraishi, D.M, (1987) Regulated expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene by epidermal growth factor. Mol. Cell Biol. 7 3332-3336. 

Tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-hmiting enzyme, is a substrate for PKA, PKC, and CaM kinase phosphorylation may increase hydroxylase activity, an important acute mechanism whereby NE and Epi, acting at autoreceptors, enhance catecholamine synthesis in response to elevated nerve stimulation. In addition, there is a delayed increase in tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression after nerve stimulation, occurring at the levels of transcription, RNA processing, regulation of RNA stability, translation, and enzyme stability. Thus, multiple mechanisms maintain the content of catecholamines in response to increased transmitter release. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase is subject to allosteric feedback inhibition by catecholamines. 

LLudecke B, Bartholome K. Frequent sequence variant in the human tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Hum Genet 1995 95 716... 

Bartholome K, Ludecke B. Mutations in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene cause various forms of L-dopa-responsive dystonia. Adv Pharmacol 1998 42 48-49. 

Ludecke B, Knappskog PM, Clayton PT, Surtees RA, Clelland JD, Heales SJ, Brand MP, Bartholome K, Flatmark T. Recessively inherited L-DOPA-responsive parkinsonism in infancy caused by a point mutation (L205P) in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Hum Mol Genet 1996 5 1023-1028. 

Ra3miond R, Millhom DE. Regidation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression during h3q)oxia role of Ca " and PKC. Kidney Int 1997 51 536-541. 

Kim KS, Lee MK, Carroll J, Joh XH. Both the basal and inducible transcription of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene are dependent upon a cAMP response element. J Biol Chem 1993 268 15689-15695. 

Nagamoto-Combs K, Piech KM, Best JA, Sun B, Tank AW. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter activity is regulated by both cyclic AMP-responsive element and API sites following calcium influx evidence for cyclic amp-responsive element binding protein-independent regulation. J Biol Chem 1997 272 6051-6058. 

Norris ML, Millhom DE. H3fpoxia-induced protein binding to 02-responsive sequences on the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. J Biol Chem 1995 270 23774-23779. 

Mishra RR, Adhikary G, Simonson MS, Chemiack NS, Prabhakar NR. Role of c-fos in h q)oxia-induced AP-1 cis-element activity and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1998 15 74-83. 

Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene Expression by Hypoxia in Neuroendocrine Cells... 

Czyzyk-Krzeska MF, Bayliss DA, Lawson EE, Millhom DE. Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the rat carotid body by hypoxia. J Neurochem 1992 58 1538-1546. 

Brown ER, Coker GT, O Malley KL. Organization and evolution of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Biochemistry 1987 26 5208-5212. 

Yoon SO, Chikaraishi DM. Tissue specific transcription of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene requires synergy between an AP-1 motif and an overlapping E box-containing dyad. Neuron 1992 9 55-67. 

Tinti C, Yang C, Seo H, Conti B, Kim C, Joh TH, Kim K-S. Stnicture/fimction relationship of the cAMP response element in tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription. J Biol Chem 1997 272 19158-19164. 

Tinti C, Conti B, Cuhells JF, Kim K-S, Baker H, Joh TH. Inducible cAMP early repressor can modulate tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression after stimulation of cAMP synthesis. J Biol Chem 1996 271 25375-25381. 

Ghee M, Baker H, Miller JC, Ziff EB. API CREB and CBP transcription factors differentially regulate the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Mol Brain Res 1998 55 101-114. 

---