Artificial perfumes

The esters belonging to the geraniol series of alcohols are absolutely indispensable in the manufacture of artificial perfumes. When it is remembered that these esters are present in such oils as bergamot, rose, geranium, lavender, petit-grain, neroli, and numerous other sweetsmelling essential oils, it will readily be seen how useful they are in building up similar perfumes artificially. 

Para-cresol methyl ether occurs naturally in oil of ylang-ylang and similar flower oils. It is also prepared synthetically, and forms a useful artificial perfume for compound flower odours. It is a liquid boiling at 175°, and, as stated above, yields anisic acid on oxidation. 

It is easily converted into isosafrol (containing the propenyl group) by the action of alcoholic potash. Safrol is used to an enormous extent for perfuming cheap soaps, and is also of great commercial value on account of the fact that on oxidation it yields heliotropin, an artificial perfume which is now largely employed (q.v.). 

This substance is an artificial perfume having a neroli-like odour, and was introduced into commerce under the name yara-yara, and is also known as nerolin. It is a crystalline compound melting at 72° and boiling at 274°. Its constitution is—... 

Hydration of (R,E)-diethylenamine, followed by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid gives (+)-7-hydroxycitronellal, which is known as an artificial perfume with pleasant olfactory properties, with high optical purity (Scheme 5).9... 

Otto, M. Verley, A. Manufacture of Vanillin 1896 US 553,593 Parry, E., J, The Chemistry of Essential Oils and Artificial Perfumes Vol 2 (1922) Safrol page 265... 

In addition to these texts, a number of older sources are still of value—particularly the Essential oils of Finnemore (15) and Parry s Chemistry of the Essential Oils and Artificial Perfumes (22). And among much older works, the treatises of Charabot (11, 12), Semmler (25), Wagner (22), and Wallach (24) are to be recommended, not alone for historical interest, but for their excellent bibliographies, which frequently note sources difficult to find elsewhere. 

B. D. Mookherjee and C. J. Mussinian, Essential Oils, Allured, 1981. E. J. Parry, The Chemistry of Essential Oils and Artificial Perfumes, Scott, Greenwood and Son, 1921. 

E.J. Parry, The Chemistry of Essential Oils and Artificial Perfumes, Scott, Greenwood and Son, 1921. 

VI. Terpeneless Oils. Terpeneless Oil of Lemon, Tables of sp.-gr. and Rotn. of several Terpeneless Oils, Terpeneless Oil of Orange, Ditto of Caraway, of Lavender, Table of. sp.-gr. and Rotn. of Commercial Samples of Oils.—VII. The Chemistry of Artificial Perfumes. Vanillin, Coumarin, Fleliotropin, Aubepine or Flawthorn, lonone. Specification of Patents for Preparation of lonone, for Artificial Violet Oil, Artificial Musk, Specification of Patent of Musk Substitute, Artificial Neroli, Artificial Lilac, Artificial Hyacinth, Artificial Lemon Oil, Artificial Rose Oil, Niobe Oil, Bergamiol, Artificial Jasmin Oil, Artificial Cognac Oil.— Appendix. Table on Constants of the more Important Essential Oils.—Indexl... 

Commercially, the aspect of orris oil is very important. Its unique delicate odour will prevent it from being replaced by the more intense but less delicate odour of ionone, and further, it forms an excellent fixer for this artificial perfume, so that a judicious mixture of orris oil and ionone leaves little to be desired. Its employment in fine perfumery is, and has been for many years, very extensive. A quite liquid oil, from which the inodorous solid constituents have been removed, is now on the market. According to Stead it has a specific gravity 0-949, optical rotation - 28 , and congeals at - 5 C. Schimmel Co., however, have shown that its characters are, normally, as follows —... 

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