Nematocidal

BrCHi CHjBr. A colourless liquid with a sweet odour, m.p. 10°C, b.p. 132°C. Manufactured by passing ethene through bromine or bromine and water at about 20 C. Chemical properties similar to those of 1,2-dichloroethane when heated with alkali hydroxides, vinyl bromide is formed. Used extensively in petrols to combine with the lead formed by the decomposition of lead tetraethyl, as a fumigant for stored products and as a nematocide. 

On the other hand, the thiazole is also found in the structures of numerous pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, and nematocides. Association of thiazoles with other heterocycUc compounds has been widely used in this field. 

Carbamates such as Aldicarb undergo degradation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Indeed the oxidation of the sulfur moiety to the sulfoxide and sulfone is part of the activation of the compound to its most potent form. Subsequent aerobic metaboHsm can completely mineralize the compound, although this process is usually relatively slow so that it is an effective iasecticide, acaricide and nematocide. Anaerobically these compounds are hydrolyzed, and then mineralized by methanogens (61). 

Agricultural Chemicals. Many claims exist for the use of nickel chemicals as nematocides, miticides, and other pesticides (qv) (191). 

Cadmium sulfate solutions are used ia the standard Weston cell and as electrolytes ia electroplatiag as alternatives to cyanide baths. Other uses iaclude phosphors and as a nematocide. 

The dkect high temperature chlorination of propylene continues to be the primary route for the commercial production of aHyl chloride. The reaction results in aHyl chloride selectivities of 75—80% from propylene and about 75% from chlorine. Additionally, a significant by-product of this reaction, 1,3-dichloropropene, finds commercial use as an effective nematocide when used in soil fumigation. Overall efficiency of propylene and chlorine use thus is significantly increased. Remaining by-products include 1,2-dichloropropane, 2-chloropropene, and 2-chloropropane. 

Thiiranes (77) show some juvenile hormone activity, but the epoxide is often more active. Thiophosphates of 2-mercaptomethylthiirane are strong contact insecticides 2-chloromethylthiirane and4-vinyl- 1,2-epithiocyclohexane are nematocides. Severalthiirane 1 -oxides are reported to be insecticides, molluscicides and herbicides (68USP3413306). 1,2-Epithio-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene is a mild herbicide. 

Pesticides (includes acaricides, avicides, bactericides, insecticides, molluskicides, nematocides, piscicides, rodenticides) Pharmaceuticals... 

Paraquat Pesticides (includes acaricides, avicides, bactericides, insecticides, molluskicides, nematocides, piscicides, rodenticides) L S Chlorinated hydrocarbons (q.v.) Carbamates (q.v.) Organophosphorus compounds (q.v.) Herbicide... 

Carbamates are used as insecticides, nematocides, fungicides, and herbicides the toxicity of carbamate insecticides is similar to that of OP compounds and is based on the inhibition of ACHE. Also, carbamate metabolites may inhibit ACHE but are usually weaker inhibitors than the unchanged compound. Cholinesterase inhibition caused by carbamates is labile, of short duration, and rapidly reversible in fact, the half-life of the inhibited enzymes ranges between some minutes and 2 to 3 hours for RBC-ACHE and is on the order of some minutes for PCHE. Accumulation of cholinesterase activity on repeated exposures, as observed with OP compounds, does not occur with... 

Used industrially as a soil insecticide, acaricide, nematocide, and aviacide. 

Triorganotins Agrochemical fungicides, herbicides, miticides, insecticides, nematocides, acaracides, antifeedants biocide in marine paints slimicide in paper pulp mills and cooling towers rodent repellent molluscicides wood preservative fungicides disinfectants stone preservation textile, paper, and leather protection (Piver 1973 Hunter 1976 Kumpulainen and Koivistoinen 1977 CEC 1978 WHO 1980 Davies and Smith 1982 Chau etal. 1984 Subramanian 1984 Wilkinson 1984 Blunden etal. 1985 Maguire and Tkacz 1985 Thompson etal. 1985 Blunden and Chapman 1986 USPHS 1992). 

Patel BK, Patel HR (1997) Effect of soil solarization, tabbing, nematocides and green manuring on soil microbes in bidi tobacco nursery. Indian J Environ Toxic 7 42-46 Patel HR, Makwana MG, Patel BN (1995) The control of nematode and weeds by soil solarization in tobacco nursery effects of the film thickness and of the covering duration. Plasticulture 107 21-27... 

Thiophene-containing molecules can be found in both natural products and synthetic chemotherapeutics. Bithiophene 1, a naturally occurring nematocide, is isolated from the roots of Echinops spaerocephalus, whereas tiaprofenic acid, an anti-inflammatory agent, is a synthetic thiophene derivative. Moreover, thiophene is a useful template for four-carbon homologation via reduction [1], as well as a bioisostere of the benzene ring and other heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. 

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