Needle absorption

Blackish-green glistening needles. Absorption max (water) 602.5 nm. Difficultly sol in cold, easily sol in hot water, giving first a blue, then a violet soln. The soln becomes somewhat bluer when HCI is added. Brownish-red precipitate with NaOH. Yellowish-green soln with coned H SO, which upon dilution turns blue, then violet on further dilution. 

Asarum canadense. Product B (42), CuHnOiN, does not melt, darkens slowly >230°C., lemon-yellow needles, absorption peaks at 2500, 3180, 3900 A, acidic substance soluble in ethanol, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and dioxane almost insoluble in water, benzene, and petroleum ether. The salts are soluble in water. Product B is stable at pH 10. It is inactivated by cysteine. It was isolated from the leaves and stems of Asarum canadense var. reflexum (wild ginger) in a yield of about 20 mg. per kg. of fresh leaves and stems. It has low activity against Grampositive bacteria only. Toxicity was not determined. 

In a 1 litre round-bottomed flask provided with an efficient double surface condenser, place 40 g. (39 ml.) of aniline, 50 g. (40 ml.) of carbon sulphide CAUTION inflammable) (1), and 50 g. (63-5 ml.) of absolute ethyl alcohol (2). Set up the apparatus in the fume cupboard or attach an absorption device to the top of the condenser (see Fig. 11, 8, 1) to absorb the hydrogen sulphide which is evolved. Heat upon an electrically-heated water bath or upon a steam bath for 8 hours or until the contents of the flask sohdify. When the reaction is complete, arrange the condenser for downward distillation (Fig. 11, 13, 3), and remove the excess of carbon disulphide and alcohol (CA UTION inflammable there must be no flame near the receiver). Shake the residue in the flask with excess of dilute hydrochloric acid (1 10) to remove any aniline present, filter at the pump, wash with water, and drain well. Dry in the steam oven. The yield of crude product, which is quite satisfactory for the preparation of phenyl iao-thiocyanute (Section IV.95), is 40-45 g. Recrystalhse the crude thiocarbanihde by dissolving it, under reflux, in boiling rectified spirit (filter through a hot water funnel if the solution is not clear), and add hot water until the solution just becomes cloudy and allow to cool. Pure sj/m.-diphenylthiourea separates in colourless needles, m.p, 154°,... 

Strong acids and strong alkaUes can severely bum the skin, chromium compounds can produce skin rashes, and repeated exposure to solvents causes removal of natural oils from the skin. Infection is always a concern for damaged skin. Absorption through the skin is possible for materials that are appreciably soluble iu both water and oil, eg, nitrobenzene, aniline, and tetraethyllead. Other materials can be absorbed if first dissolved iu extremely good solvents, eg, dimethyl sulfoxide. Subcutaneous iujection can occur accidentally by direct exposure of the circulatory system to a chemical by means of a cut or scratch or iuadvertent penetration of the skin with a hypodermic needle. 

When sublimed, anthraquinone forms a pale yeUow, crystalline material, needle-like in shape. Unlike anthracene, it exhibits no fluorescence. It melts at 286°C and boils at 379°—381°C. At much higher temperatures, decomposition occurs. Anthraquinone has only a slight solubiUty in alcohol or benzene and is best recrystallized from glacial acetic acid or high boiling solvents such as nitrobenzene or dichlorobenzene. It is very soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. In methanol, uv absorptions of anthraquinone are at 250 nm (e = 4.98), 270 nm (4.5), and 325 nm (4.02) (4). In the it spectmm, the double aUyflc ketone absorbs at 5.95 p.m (1681 cm ), and the aromatic double bond absorbs at 6.25 p.m (1600 cm ) and 6.30 pm (1587 cm ). 

Corunnine (127) (73JCS(CC)915) was isolated as violet needles in the course of studies of Spanish Papaveraceae, i.e., Glaucium flavum Cr. var. vestitum (71TL3093). The UV absorption maxima kmax of Corunnine are very similar in ethanol and hydroxide solutions and were found at... 

The Apomorphine-derived alkaloid PO-3 (129) was isolated as violet needles after crystallization from acetone and ether from Papaver orientale (66MI2), but was not found in the green solutions of autoxidized apomorhine hydrochloride (62M941, 68HCA683) (Scheme 51). No anion was detected by elemental analysis. The pA"a of PO-3 is 3.88 0.02 in 50% ethanol. The IR spectrum displays no carbonyl absorption between 1650 and 1700 cm (69MI2). The UV absorption maxima of PO-3 are in agreement with the formulation of a mesomeric betaine [T-max (EtOH) = 310... 

Properties of luciferin. The crystals are microscopic needles, which melt with decomposition at 205-210°C (Bitler and McElroy, 1957). It is a quite stable luciferin compared with some other luciferins, such as Cypridina luciferin and the luciferins of krill and dinoflagellates. It is not significantly affected by lOmM H2SO4 and lOmM NaOH at room temperature in air. The absorption spectral data of luciferin are shown in Fig. 1.3 (McElroy and Seliger, 1961). The molar absorption coefficient of the 328 nm peak in acidic solutions and that of the 384 nm peak in basic solutions are both 18,200 (Morton et al., 1969). Luciferin is fluorescent, showing an emission maximum at 537 nm in both acidic and basic conditions, although the intensity of the fluorescence is lower in acidic solution than in basic solution (fluorescence quantum yields 0.62 in basic condition, and 0.25 in acidic condition Morton et al., 1969). The chemical synthesis... 

Insulin pump therapy consists of a programmable infusion device that allows for basal infusion of insulin 24 hours daily, as well as bolus administration following meals. As seen in Fig. 40-3, an insulin pump consists of a programmable infusion device with an insulin reservoir. This pump is attached to an infusion set with a small needle that is inserted in subcutaneous tissue in the patient s abdomen, thigh, or arm. Most patients prefer insertion in abdominal tissue because this site provides optimal insulin absorption. Patients should avoid insertion sites along belt lines or in other areas where clothing may cause undue irritation. Infusion sets should be changed every 2 to 3 days to reduce the possibility of infection. 

The feasibility of an optical fiber system was demonstrated for the differential absorption analysis of the car pollutant nitrogen dioxide. It absorbs in the visible and can be "sensed" using an Ar-ion laser27. The yellow metabolite bilirubin has been monitored in blood via fiber optic spectrometry in serum28. The tip of a fiber optic cable was inserted into a injection needle so to reach the blood sample, and absorbance (and later fluorescence) was acquired of a sample contained in the cavity at the tip of the fiber or needle. 

The skin plays important roles in both the dermal absorption and injection routes of entry. Injection includes both entry by absorption through cuts and mechanical injection with hypodermic needles. Mechanical injection can occur as a result of improper hypodermic needle storage in a laboratory drawer. 

D. 2,3-Diamino pyridine (Note 12). In an apparatus for catalytic hydrogenation (Note 13) 56.4 g. (0.3 mole) of 2,3-diamino-5-bromopyridine suspended in 300 ml. of 4% sodium hydroxide solution is shaken with hydrogen in the presence of 1.0 g. of 5% palladized strontium carbonate (Note 14). When absorption of hydrogen is completed, the catalyst is removed by filtration, and, after saturation with potassium carbonate (about 330 g. is required), the resulting slushy mixture is extracted continuously with ether until all the precipitate completely disappears (usually about 18 hours, but this depends on the efficiency of the extraction apparatus). The ether is removed by distillation, and the residue of crude 2,3-diaminopyridine is recrystallized from benzene (about 600 ml. is required) using 3 g. of activated charcoal and filtering rapidly through a preheated Buchner funnel. The yield of 2,3-diaminopyridine, obtained as colorless needles, m.p. 115-116°, pKa 6.84, is 25.5-28.0 g. (78-86%) (Note 15). 

The infrared spectrum (CHC1S) showed absorption at 2705, 1725, and 1605 cm-1. The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, recrystallized from ethanol-ethyl acetate as long, yellow-orange needles, melts at 150-152° (reported3 154-155°). 

Concentrated sodium chloride injection Inadvertent direct injection or absorption of concentrated sodium chloride injection may give rise to sudden hypernatremia and such complications as cardiovascular shock, CNS disorders, extensive hemolysis, cortical necrosis of the kidneys, and severe local tissue necrosis (if administered extravascularly). Do not use unless solution is clear. When administered peripherally, slowly infuse through a small bore needle placed well within the lumen... 

Each pramlintide dose should be administered subcutaneously into the abdomen or thigh (administration into the arm is not recommended because of variable absorption). Injection sites should be rotated so that the same site is not used repeatedly. The injection site selected should also be distinct from the site chosen for any concomitant insulin injection. Patients should always use a new syringe and needle to give pramlintide and insulin injections. 

After the run, unload the tube either by puncture of the thin-walled tube with a syringe needle at the bottom, or by displacement by 80% cesium chloride (w/w). For DNA content, read UV absorption of the fractions and refractive index for density calculation (for equations see footnote to Table 5.4). 

The rate of absorption of a local anesthetic into the bloodstream is affected by the dose administered, the vascularity at the site of injection, and the specific physicochemical properties of the drug itself. Local anesthetics gain entrance into the bloodstream by absorption from the injection site, direct intravenous injection, or absorption across the mucous membranes after topical application. Direct intravascular injection occurs accidentally when the needle used for infiltration of the local anesthetic lies within a blood vessel, or it occurs intentionally when Udocaine is used for the control of cardiac arrhythmias. 

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