Injection route

Intravenous injection route 0.003 pg/kg body weight (BW) daily 500 mg (estimated at 50 mg/kg BW), single injection... 

Intraperitoneal injection route 20 mg/kg BW, single injection All dead within 2 h. Silver granules in liver parenchyma and kidney tubules 3... 

Intramuscular injection route Given radiosilver-110m alone or in combination with 4.0 mg Ag/kg BW daily for 6 days. Percent of tracer dose recovered vs. percent tracer plus 4.0 mg/kg BW ... 

Inhalation route adults subjected to 50,000 or 200,000 pg acrolein/L (113 or 454 mg/m3) air via an endotracheal cannula for up to 27 days Air sac injection route embryos 2-3 days old examined at day 13 Decreases in trachea complement of ciliated and goblet cells inhibited mucus transport activity in trachea lymphocytic inflammatory lesions in the tracheal mucosa changes were more pronounced at the higher dose and with increasing exposures 2... 

Intravenous injection route 3000, 4500, or 6000 pg acrolein/kg BW on day 9 of gestation killed on day 28 of gestation Embryo resorption was significantly higher in 6000 pg/kg group vs. controls, but was the same as controls in lower concentration groups 6... 

Intraamniotic injection route. Embryos given 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 pg of acrolein on day 13 of gestation examined on day 20 of gestation Intraperitoneal injection route 98-100% dead at 10 and 100 pg 85% of live fetuses receiving 1 pg were malformed (edema, hydrocephaly, cleft palate, defects of limbs and tail) no teratogenic effects at 0.1 pg 6... 

Lethal dose, intravenous injection route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, intraperitoneal injection route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, oral administration route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, dermal route (Smalley 1973)... 

Half-time persistence (Tb 1/2) ranged from 2.2—2.4 days for liver, gills, gonads, and whole body 2.9-5.1 days for muscle, spleen, gall bladder, and intestine 6.5 days for kidney and 12.4 days for fat Injection route of intoxication produced severe liver histopathology when compared to dietary route intestinal histopathology observed with dietary route but not with injection route... 

The skin plays important roles in both the dermal absorption and injection routes of entry. Injection includes both entry by absorption through cuts and mechanical injection with hypodermic needles. Mechanical injection can occur as a result of improper hypodermic needle storage in a laboratory drawer. 

Almost 30 routes exist for administration of drugs to patients, but only a handfbl of these are commonly used in preclinical safety studies (Gad, 1994). The most common deviation from what is to be done in clinical trials is the use of parenteral (injected) routes such as IV (intravenous) and SC (subcutaneous) deliveries. Such injections are loosely characterized as bolus (all at once or over a very short period, such as five minutes) and infusion (over a protracted period of hours, days, or even months). The term continuous infusion implies a steady rate over a protracted period, requiring some form of setup such as an implanted venous catheter or infusion port. 

Interroute extrapolation. This model concerned itself primarily with the injection route of exposure, although the use of several injection sites was intended to simulate various distribution routes for orally ingested phenol. Extrapolation to other routes was not done. 

The medication of choice was for many years haloperidol (Haldol), a high potency antipsychotic, that can be given orally or by injection. When used, haloperidol should be administered in low doses (0.5-1.0mg) and only on an as-needed basis. Due to concerns regarding the tolerability of haloperidol in patients with dementia, its role in the management of agitation associated with delirium has largely been supplanted by atypical antipsychotics. A number of atypical antipsy-chotics are available by either an oral or intramuscular (injection) route of administiation. 

Pentazocine (Talwin) (see also page 252) Street Names Crackers, poor man s h oin, T s and R s> Ts and Rits (all refer to combinations w/ Ritalin) (brands Talwin, Talwin Nx [CIV]) Use Medically used as opioid analgesic euphoria similar to heroin when mixed w/antihistamines combined w/ methylphenidate (Ritalin) is new abuse combination Actions Agonist-antagonist narcotic naloxone, a narcotic antagonist added to Talwin (Talwin NX) has reduced incidence of abuse Effects Euphoria, hallucinations, skin necrosis w/ illicit injection route... 

Intnaperitoneal injection route 1000 pg/kg BW, single injection 1000 pg/kg BW daily tor at least 5 days 2000 pg/kg BW twice a week tor 6 weeks followed by uracil as 3% ot the diet tor 20 weeks, then control diet tor 6 weeks... 

Intravenous injection route 50-500 pg/kg BW to spontaneously hypersensitive rats 250-1000 pg/kg BW... 

IMPACT OF INJECTABLE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION UPON SELECTION OF EXCIPIENTS... 

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