Extraction apparatus

Soxhlet Extraction. Occasionally a crude product (often of natural occurrence) is obtained, from which a particular component may be isolated by repeated extraction with a hot soK-ent. For this purpose, Soxhlet s Extraction Apparatus (Fig. 19) is usually employed. 

Reduction adapters. These may be employed to connect condensers, still-heads, etc. to flasks, extraction apparatus and the like. Numerous combinations (Fig. II, 56, 2) are, of course, possible, but the commonest sizes are socket 514 to cone 519 or 524 socket 519 to cone 524, 529... 

Better results are obtained if a continuous extraction apparatus (e.g. Fig. II, 44, 2) is employed. Ether may also be used as the solvent. 

Place 200 g. (172 -5 ml.) of redistilled furfural (1) in a 1 litre beaker, provided with a mechanical stirrer and surrounded by an ice bath. Start the stirrer and, when the temperature has fallen to 5-8°, add a solution of 50 g. of sodium hydroxide in 100 ml. of water from a separatory funnel at such a rate that the temperature of the reaction mixture does not rise above 20° (20-25 minutes) continue the stirring for a further 1 hour. Much sodium furoate separates during the reaction. Allow to cool to room temperature, and add just enough water to dissolve the precipitate (about 65 ml.). Extract the solution at least five times with 60 ml. portions of ether in order to remove the furfuryl alcohol the best results are obtained by the use of the continuous extraction apparatus (charged with 350 ml. of ether) depicted in Fig. //, 44, 2. Keep the aqueous layer. Dry the ethereal extract with a httle anhydrous... 

Coarse 40-60 Filtration of coarse materials. Gas dispersion, gas washing, gas absorption. Mercury filtration. For extraction apparatus. 

Fine 4-5.5 Filtration of fine precipitates. As a mercury valve. In extraction apparatus. 

The solution is then placed in a continuous extraction apparatus (Org. Syn. 3, 88) and the 2-furylcarbinol is extracted with 1500-2000 cc. of ether (Note 4). The extraction is complete after six to seven hours. 

Carbon tetrachloride may be used for the extraction of the 2-furylcarbinol. This requires altering the extraction apparatus to remove the solvent from the bottom of the extraction bottle. Some difficulties are met in working with carbon tetrachloride, due to the liberation of acid which causes the 2-furylcarbinol to change into the water-insoluble form. The yields of both 2-furancarboxylic acid and 2-furylcarbinol are much lower when carbon tetrachloride is used as a solvent. 

Extraktions-anlage, /. extraction plant, -ap-parat, m. extraction apparatus, -dauer, /. time of extraction. -flUssigkeit, /. extraction liquid, liquid extract. -gef ss, n. extraction vessel, -hiilse, /. extraction shell or thimble. -kolben, m. extraction flask, -mittel, n. extracting agent, extraction solvent. -miihle,/. extraction mill, -rtickstand, m. extraction residue. 

Initial Extraction Technique Continuous extraction apparatus was employed, including an extractor designed to contain the starting plant materials, a distillation flask to hold the solvent mixture, the flask being equipped with a reflux condenser, a drip device to facilitate the removal of the volatilized mixture from the condenser and to percolate it through the continuous extractor, and a Soxhiet type return. Means for heating the continuous extraction system were provided. 

After drying, the residue is treated in a Kumagawa extracting apparatus with boiling benzene. The benzene is evaporated and the residue is distilled in vacuo. About 50 g of cyanonerolin (BP = 205° to 208°C/14 mm) are obtained with a yield of about 70%. By recrystallization in 200 cc of methyl alcohol, 40 g of the product are obtained in absolutely pure state, in the shape of beautiful colorless needles (MP = 103°C with the Maquene block). By concentrating the mother liquor to half its original volume, a further 3.6 g of pure product are obtained. 

The hydrogen sulfate was dissolved in water and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 5.6 (pH-meter) with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The water solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue dried with absolute ethanol/benzene and once more evaporated to dryness. The remaining crystal mixture was extracted in a Soxhiet extraction apparatus with absolute methanol. From the methanol phase the sulfate of 1-(3, 5 -dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(t-butylaminoj-ethanol crystallized. Melting point 246°C to 248°C. 

The instrumentation which until now has been used in chiral extraction experiments is very diverse, ranging from the simple extraction funnel [123, 180], the U-or W-tubes [171, 181], to more sophisticated devices, such as hollow-fiber extraction apparatus [175] or other membrane-assisted systems. Most of these experiments... 

Ej nsion of glass under tension, 13 Extraction apparatus, Soxhlet, 142... 

For the continuous extraction of a solid by a hot solvent, the Soxhiet extraction apparatus, shown in Fig. II, 44, 4, is usually employed. The... 

Figure 8.7 Apparatus for aicroaethods of solvent extraction. A, micro extraction apparatus B, Keele aicro-reactor C, Mixor phase separation device.

Conventional methods of polymer extraction use large quantities of solvents as in shake-flask extraction or a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. For all classical extraction methods, solvent selectivity, in general, is low, i.e. solvents with high capacity tend to have low selectivity. In reflux extractions, which are still quite popular in polymer applications, the polymer is refluxed with a hot solvent, which disperses it to provide a solvent phase containing additives. In these conditions solvents are at their atmospheric boiling point. These methods are lengthy and labour intensive. Fractional extraction is based on solvents with increasing solvent power (cf. also [81]). 

The benzene strip or extract solutions are evaporated nearly to dryness in 500-ml. standard-taper Erlenmeyer flasks on 3 units of a 6-unit variable heat extraction apparatus hot plate (see Figure 1). Evaporation is hastened by directing a jet of air at the surface of the benzene, gentle enough to avoid spattering when maintained 0.5 inch above the surface of the liquid. The benzene vapors are removed through a manifold connected to the house vacuum. On this apparatus 250 ml. of sample can be reduced to a volume of about 5 ml. in 10 minutes. 

Sand and polymer characterization. The oil sands were extracted in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus with toluene as the refluxing liquid. After the extr-... 

Ahnoff and Josefsson [18] built a solvent extraction apparatus for river work which was later modified into their in situ extractor [ 17]. The unit as described in the earlier work could easily be adapted for seawater analysis. A unit based on a Teflon helix liquid-liquid extractor, some 332 feet (101.5 metres) in length, was constructed by Wu and Suffet [19]. The extractor was optimized for the removal of organophosphorus compounds, specifically pesticides, with an efficiency of around 80%. For some compounds, these continuous extraction methods should be the methods of choice and should be explored. 

Ketone, 9-anthryl methyl, 30,1 CYCLOPROPYL METHYL, 31, 74 1-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXYL methyl, 35,1 PHENYL 3-PYRIDYL, 37, 6 Ketone synthesis, 33, 84 Kies extraction apparatus, 37, 30... 

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