Neat cutting oil

Two factors militate against the universal use of water-based fluids. Very severe machining operations call for a lubrication performance that is beyond the capacity of such fluids, and the design of some machine tools means that water cannot be used because of the risk of cross-contamination with machine lubricants. In these instances, neat cutting oil is the only fluid that can provide the required performance. 

Although soft paraffin has been used to treat irritant contact dermatitis (17) and to protect the skin from other sensitizers (18), hypersensitivity reactions can occur, but are rare (19-26). Yellow soft paraffin is slightly more antigenic than white soft paraffin (24). Contact sensitization to a neat cutting oil containing chlorinated paraffin occurred in 12 men (27). Contact urticaria mimicking dermatitis has also been reported (28). 

Scerri L, Dalziel KL. Occupational contact sensitization to the stabilized chlorinated paraffin fraction in neat cutting oil. Am J Contact Dermatitis 1996 7(I) 35-7. 

The main advantages of neat cutting oils are their excellent lubricating property and good rust control. Some types do, however, stain non-ferrous metals. 

The advantages of soluble oils over neat cutting oils are their greater cooling capacity, lower cost, reduced smoke and elimination of Are hazard. Disadvantages of soluble oils compared with neat cutting oils are their poorer rust control and that the emulsion can separate, be affected by bacteria and become rancid. 

These oils are neat in so much as they are not mixed with water for the cutting operation. They are usually a blend of a number of different types of mineral oil, together with additives for extreme-pressure applications. Neat cutting oils are used where severe cutting conditions exist, usually when slow speeds and feeds are used or with extremely tough and difficult-to-machine steels. These conditions require lubrication beyond that... 

For the more difficult operations, neat oils containing EP (extreme-pressure) additives have to be used. The EP cutting oils usually contain additives based on sulfur or chlorine, or combinations of them. The sulfur in EP oil can be present in two forms. In the inactive fluid, it is chemically combined with a fatty-oil additive, which is blended with mineral oil to produce sulfured fatty oil. The active version, on the other hand, contains sulfur in elemental form, dissolved in mineral oil the fluid is known as sulfured mineral oil. Chlorine is usually present only as chlorinated paraffin, which is blended sometimes singly with mineral oils and sometimes in combination with fatty oils and sulfured additives. 

Cutting oils (neat oils) unused pure, 50% MEK and 10% MEK 10% pet. 

Some of the recently developed high-performance EP soluble oils have a cutting performance that almost matches that of additive-type neat oils, and they are particularly suitable for demanding operations in machine tools whose design allows the use of water-based fluids. 

Neat oil is the name given to an orthodox petroleum cutting fluid, whether or not it contains additives, to enhance cutting properties. Oils of this sort are available in a very wide variety, and many combinations of work piece material, machining characteristics and tooling requirement justify special formulations. The neat oils have lower specific heat than water, so they have to be fed to the cutting zone in copious amounts to provide the optimum cutting effect. 

IR Analysis. IR absorption spectra were determined on neat samples of shale oils to furnish data for estimates of various olefinic types of compounds. Samples were run on a high-resolution, double-beam grating spectrophotometer at 0.1-mm path length between KBr plates. Quantitative measurements were made using the cut and weigh method with baselines drawn from point to point of minimum absorption. 

Cutting fluids may be classified as insoluble (neat or straight) oils and soluble oils (Table 2). The soluble oils are soluble in water and divided into synthetic, semisynthetic and so-called soluble or emulsifiable oils. 

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