Natural tobacco extract

Natural nicotine is the levo variety. Physiologically the alkaloid affects both the central and peripheral nerves and increases the activity of the secreting glands. In more than minimum doses it is a poison. It is not used to any extent in medicine though recently it has been suggested as a hypodermic in cases of tetanus. The salicylic acid salt is also used somewhat for skin diseases. Tobacco extracts and also powdered tobacco are used as insecticides, their value depending upon the amount of nicotine present. I... 

There are reports that plant virus inhibitors occur naturally in plants, and they could be proteins, glycoprote -ins, polysaccharides, phenols etc(7 5). Extracts of mosses, especially Sphagnum(76), algae(77) and Cassia of the family Leguminosae(7S) are effective in inhibiting tobacco mosaic virus(TMV), but much more work is needed to develop virici-des that may be sprayed safely and economically on crop plants in the field. 

DETAILS - Nicotine is well Imown as the alkaloid extracted f rom tobacco, where it exists in a proportion of 2% to 8%, by weight. It is soluble in water and alcohol. Nicotine is very useful as a projectile poison due to its sticky nature. It works well by itself or as a binder for powdered poisons. It is available commercially in some parts of the country, notably the South, where it is used as an insecticide. The most common form is the sulfate (Black Leaf 40), but the free base is also available. It sometimes requires some search-... 

ABA is extracted from plants and other sources usually by methanol. Methanolysis of glucosyl ester of ABA sometimes occurs to give its methyl ester as an artifact,570 and acetone is used for extraction to avoid the methanolysis. The methyl ester of ABA is not always an artifact. Its occurrence in stigma of tobacco has been confirmed by extraction using acetone.571 Ethyl acetate is used to extract ABA and its natural catabolites,... 

Phvtoluvenolds. Wigglesworth (JL) demonstrated that a hormone secreted by the insect corpora allata was responsible for the control of differentiation in immature insects and reproduction in adult female insects. Williams (3) prepared an active extract of this hormone from adult male cecropia moths and called it "juvenile hormone". We were able to derive sufficient knowledge of the chemistry of the juvenile hormone from the study of the active cecropia extract to synthesize JH III Q). Seven years later its presence as a natural hormone in the tobacco hornworm was confirmed Ci). Three other analogous juvenile hormones (JH 0, I, II) have been found to occur only in lepidoptera (5, ., 2.) (Figure 1). Juvenile hormone III is the principal juvenile hormone of insects and has been demonstrated in all of the insect taxa investigated. 

Ouye and Butt 32) have recently shown that a stable sex attractant for males can be extracted from copulating pairs of pink boUworm moths [Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)], with ether or methylene chloride, and Allen and coworkers ) have reported the extraction of a potent sex attractant from the abdomens of female tobacco homworm moths [Protoparce sexta (Johannson) ] with these same solvents. The chemical nature of these attractants as well as that of the southern armyworm moth [Prodenta eridania (Cramer) ] is at present under investigation in U. S. Department of Agriculture laboratories. 

In the seventeenth century the first naturally occurring insecticide, nicotine from extracts of tobacco leaves, was used to control the plum curcuUo and the lace bug. Hamburg (1705) proposed mercuric chloride as a wood preservative and a hundred years later Prevost described the inhibition of smut spores by copper sulfate. 

Of increasing interest are structural changes in or coatings of natural materials. Thus the volume increase of tobacco resulting from controlled pressure release is already used industrially. The discontinuous extraction of natural materials requires the plant to be depressurised after completion of the process, whereby the non-stationary behaviour of pressure and temperature in the extraction vessel is of great importance for the design of the pressure vessel. 

Use Production of polyurethane and unsaturated polyester resins, triethylene glycol textile softener petroleum solvent extraction dehydration of natural gas, plasticizers, and surfactants solvent for nitrocellulose and many dyes and oils humectant for tobacco, casein, synthetic sponges, paper products cork compositions, bookbinding adhesives, dyeing assistant, cosmetics, antifreeze solutions. 

The results of all cell lines examined are summarized in Table m, together with the contents in the mother plants of shoots and leaves. The mother plants of C. roseus, tobacco and rice were grown in a glass house under natural light. Shoots and leaves approximately 10 to 20 cm in length were harvested and extracted with methanol. The biological activity of the NE fractions of the extracts was examined in the same manner as those of the cell extracts. 

Nishimura and Mihara (1990) investigated 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-l-ones in a steam-distilled coffee extract and identified ten compounds of this class, seven of them being reported for the first time in a natural flavor and some even being original chemicals. Procedures used for their syntheses are described. All the 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-l-ones were also identified in a model reaction, when sucrose, the major component of green coffee, was heated with alkali in aqueous solution. Some had been previously found in maple syrup or tobacco. We are reminded that Gianturco et al. (1963) mentioned for the first time the presence of these typical, sweet, caramel-like and burnt compounds in a roasted coffee extract. 

The use of some compounds against pests was known from earlier times these were based on sulfur and arsenic. Natural extracts from plants such as nicotine from tobacco, or pyrethrum from chrysanthemums were used initially in the 16th and 19th centuries respectively. 

Many flavoring materials have been proposed for use as flavoring materials in tobacco smoking products. Leffingwell et al. (2341) reported that these range from individual chemical compounds to a variety of natural herbs, essential oils, and extracts. Many of the proposed flavoring additives for tobacco smoking products have been included in commercial... 

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