National Institute of Safety and Health NIOSH

Organic solvents are chemical snbstances used routinely and extensively in commercial and other industries. Many chemical substances used to dissolve or dilute other substances and materials are called solvents. Industrial solvents are often mixtures of several individual substances. They can be found under a variety of trade names. Since the advent of the Indnstrial Revolution, the use of non-water-based chemicals has increased dramatically. According to the report of the National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH), more than 49 million tons of organic solvents were pro-dnced in the United States alone in 1984, and today much larger quantities of many solvents are produced around the world. 

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) enforces basic duties that must be carried out by employers. Discuss these basic duties. Also, state the major roles of the National Institutes of Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 

Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQ s , available for all metals discussed in this chapter from the CDC, Atlanta, GA, and National Institutes of Safety and Health (NIOSH). Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), 1999. 

The National Assessment of the Occupational Safety and Health Workforce completed for the National Institute for Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 2011... 

Chapter 20, Applied Ergonomics Significance and Opportunity, and Chapter 21, On Quality Management and the Practice of Safety, address the design, engineering, and risk assessment aspects that are fundamental in those endeavors. Comments are included in Chapter 18, Prevention through Design The Standard, on the extensive involvement at the National Institute for Safety and Health (NIOSH) on its PtD initiative. 

For a particular toxic material the concentration and period of exposure (dosage) determine the hazard level. Data on hazards in some cases can be found in many documents, such as the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) published by the manufacturer of the particular materials, in National Institute Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) publication NIOSH Pocket Guide to Hazardous Chemicals (DHHS, 1990), or Emergency Response Planning Guidelines for Air Contaminants (ERPGs) issued by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (1992). 

NIOSH (National Institute of Safety and Health) 7082. 1984. NZOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, DC. 

DHHS (NIOSH) (Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute Occupational Safety and Health). 1990. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

There are many suppliers and manufacturers of PPE. Several factors should be evaluated before choosing a supplier. Those factors are the product s quality, whether the product meets the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or the National Institute for Safety and Health s (NIOSH) standards, and availability and delivery of the PPE. Prior to choosing a supplier, test performance data should be requested and samples obtained for circulation among the workforce to get feedback from the actual users. The worst thing management can do is buy bulky or uncomfortable PPE that the workers will avoid wearing, especially when they know comfortable PPE is available. 

Worker Deaths by Electrocution Summaiy of NIOSH Surveillance and Investigative Findings. Cincinnati, OH National Institute for Safety and Health, April 2000. 

RTECS National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) registry of toxic effects of chemical substances contains toxicity data and references commercially important substances... 

The identification of pollution prevention options has become a maintenance requirement. In addition to these requirements, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) performed its first investigation of indoor air quahty. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has also begun to research air quahty. 

High performance Hquid chromatography (hplc) may be used to determine nitroparaffins by utilizing a standard uv detector at 254 nm. This method is particularly appHcable to small amounts of nitroparaffins present, eg, in nitro alcohols (qv), which caimot be analyzed easily by gas chromatography. Suitable methods for monitoring and deterrnination of airborne nitromethane, nitroethane, and 2-nitropropane have been pubUshed by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (97). Ordinary sorbant tubes containing charcoal are unsatisfactory, because the nitroparaffins decompose on it unless the tubes are held in dry ice and analyzed as soon after collection as possible. 

Phenol fumes are irritating to the eyes, nose, and skin. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), exposure to phenol should be controUed so that no employees are exposed to phenol concentrations >20 mg/m, which is a time-weighted average concentration for up to a 10-h work day, 40-h work week. Phenol is very toxic to fish and has a nearly unique property of tainting the taste of fish if present in marine... 

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), under the Department of Health and Human Services, works with OSHA. It is NIOSH s responsibihty to determine safe exposure limits for chemical substances and to recommend to OSHA that these limits be adopted as standards. 

Eegistry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, (NIOSH), Washington, D.C., 1976. 

The motivation for ensuring good indoor air quality should be obvious. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and safety of workers. To fulfill this need, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a strategy for disseminating information that assists employers to protect their workers from workplace hazards. This strategy includes the development of Special NIOSH Hazard Reviews, which support and complement the major standards development and hazard documentation activities of the Institute. These documents deal with... 

Congress passed the Occupational and Safety Health Act to ensure worker and workplace safety. Their goal was to make sure employers provide their workers a place of employment free from recognized hazards to safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. In order to establish standards for workplace health and safety, the Act also created the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as the research institution for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA is a division of the U.S. Department of Labor which oversees the administration of the Act and enforces Federal standards in all 50 states. 

---