NIOSH—

CERAMCS - NONLINEAROPTICAL AND ELECTROOPTIC CERAMICS] (Vol 5) NIOSH. See National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 

NIOSH carcinogen not listed not listed not listed not listed... 

Health and Safety Factors. See "General Health and Safety Eactors." The following toxicides for adiponitrile have been reported oral LD q (rats), 300 mg/kg dermal LD q (rabbits), 2,134 mg/kg and inhalation 4-h LC q (i ts), 1.7 mg. NIOSH has proposed an exposure limit of 4 ppm as a TWA (68). 

Except for siUca and natural abrasives containing free siUca, the abrasive materials used today are classified by NIOSH as nuisance dust materials and have relatively high permissable dust levels (55). The OSHA TWA allowable total dust level for aluminum oxide, siUcon carbide, boron carbide, ceria, and other nuisance dusts is 10 mg/m. SiUca, in contrast, is quite toxic as a respkable dust for cristobaUte [14464-46-1] and tridymite [15468-32-3] the allowable TWA level drops to 0.05 mg/m and the TWA for quartz [14808-60-7] is set at 0.1 mg/m. Any abrasive that contains free siUca in excess of 1% should be treated as a potential health hazard if it is in the form of respkable dust. Dust masks are requked for those exposed to such materials (see Industrial hygene). 

Criteria for Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Styrene", U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NIOSH), Washington, D.C. Rep. 83—119, pp. 18, 227, 1983 available from NTlS, Springfield, Va. 

MCA Chemical Manufacturers Association (was Manufacturing Chemists NIOSH... 

Product Toxicology. The stmcture—toxicity relationships of organophosphoms compounds have been extensively researched and are relatively well understood (138—140). The phosphoms-based flame retardants as a class exhibit only moderate-to-low toxicity. NIOSH or EPA compilations and manufacturers safety data sheets show the following LD q values for rats, for representative commercial phosphoms flame retardants ... 

OSHA has a TWA standaid on a weight of Sb basis of 0.5 mg/for antimony in addition to a standard TWA of 2.5 mg/m for fluoride. NIOSH has issued a criteria document on occupational exposure to inorganic fluorides. Antimony pentafluoride is considered by the EPA to be an extremely hazardous substance and releases of 0.45 kg or more reportable quantity (RQ) must be reported. Antimony triduoride is on the CERCLA bst and releasing of 450 kg or more RQ must be reported. 

NIOSH has issued a criteria document (30) on occupational exposure to inorganic fluorides. 

The time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations for 8-h exposure to bromine ttifluoride, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine ttifluoride, chlorine pentafluoride, and iodine pentafluoride have been estabHshed by ACGIH on a fluoride basis to be 2.5 mg/m. NIOSH reports (121) the foUowing inhalation toxicity levels for chlorine ttifluoride LC q monkey, 230 ppm/h LC q mouse, 178 ppm/h for chlorine pentafluoride LC q monkey, 173 ppm /h mouse, 57 ppm/h. 

The only reported toxicity data on zinc fluoride in the NIOSH RTECS file is a LD q of 280 mg/kg for subcutaneous adniinistration in frogs. 

OSHA has a standard time-weighted average (TWA) of 2.5 mg/m based on fluoride. NIOSH has issued a criteria document (24) on occupational exposure to inorganic fluorides. 

Criteriafor a Kecommended Standard-Occupational Exposure to Inorganic Fluorides, PB 246 692, NIOSH 76-103, U.S. Dept, of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

D. V. Sweet, ed.. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances-198511986 Edition, Vols. 1—5, DHHS (NIOSH) pubhcation no. 87-114, Washington, D.C., 1987. 

H. E. Christensen, Toxic Substances Eist, NIOSH, RockviUe, Md., 1972. 

The aquatic toxicity (TLm96) for glycerol is >1000 mg/L (27), which is defined by NIOSH as an insignificant hazard. 

Compendium of Materialsfor Noise Control, HEW (NIOSH) pubHcation 75-165, HEW, Washington, D.C., June 1975. 

RTECS, Reght of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, VoL 2, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1981—1982, entry OA7700000, p. 595, and RQ8225000, p. 930 also available on CD-ROM through Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 1992. 

Preventing Lead Poisoning in Constmction Workers," NIOSHAHERT, DHHS (NIOSH) pubHcation no. 901-116, Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 1991. 

The identification of pollution prevention options has become a maintenance requirement. In addition to these requirements, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) performed its first investigation of indoor air quahty. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has also begun to research air quahty. 

F. W. Makison, R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr., eds., NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to ChemicalHa rds, DREW (NIOSH) PubHcation No. 78-210, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1978. 

The toxicity of a metal in powder form may vary from that of the massive metals in that fine particles can be ingested or inhaled more readily (41). The metal powder producing or consuming industries must conform to OSHA requirements. The limits of airborne particulates are set by NIOSH. 

High performance Hquid chromatography (hplc) may be used to determine nitroparaffins by utilizing a standard uv detector at 254 nm. This method is particularly appHcable to small amounts of nitroparaffins present, eg, in nitro alcohols (qv), which caimot be analyzed easily by gas chromatography. Suitable methods for monitoring and deterrnination of airborne nitromethane, nitroethane, and 2-nitropropane have been pubUshed by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (97). Ordinary sorbant tubes containing charcoal are unsatisfactory, because the nitroparaffins decompose on it unless the tubes are held in dry ice and analyzed as soon after collection as possible. 

NIOSH, Manual of Analytic Methods, 3id ed., 2nd Suppl. NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1988. 

Phenol fumes are irritating to the eyes, nose, and skin. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), exposure to phenol should be controUed so that no employees are exposed to phenol concentrations >20 mg/m, which is a time-weighted average concentration for up to a 10-h work day, 40-h work week. Phenol is very toxic to fish and has a nearly unique property of tainting the taste of fish if present in marine... 

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