National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH

6 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

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RTECS National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) registry of toxic effects of chemical substances contains toxicity data and references commercially important substances... 

Phenol fumes are irritating to the eyes, nose, and skin. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), exposure to phenol should be controUed so that no employees are exposed to phenol concentrations >20 mg/m, which is a time-weighted average concentration for up to a 10-h work day, 40-h work week. Phenol is very toxic to fish and has a nearly unique property of tainting the taste of fish if present in marine... 

The motivation for ensuring good indoor air quality should be obvious. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and safety of workers. To fulfill this need, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a strategy for disseminating information that assists employers to protect their workers from workplace hazards. This strategy includes the development of Special NIOSH Hazard Reviews, which support and complement the major standards development and hazard documentation activities of the Institute. These documents deal with... 

Congress passed the Occupational and Safety Health Act to ensure worker and workplace safety. Their goal was to make sure employers provide their workers a place of employment free from recognized hazards to safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. In order to establish standards for workplace health and safety, the Act also created the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as the research institution for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA is a division of the U.S. Department of Labor which oversees the administration of the Act and enforces Federal standards in all 50 states. 

The Immediately Danger to Life or Health (IDLH) level for CO2, set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is 50,000 ppm. At that level, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, and breathing difficulties occur ifler a 30-minute exposure at a 100,000 ppm, death can occur after a few minutes, even if the oxygen in the atmosphere would otherwise support life. 

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research on occupational diseases and injuries, responds to requests for assistance by investigating problems of health and safety in the workplace, recommends standards to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), and trains professionals in occupational safety and health. Contact NIOSH, 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20201 Phone 800-356-4674 or NIOSH Technical Information Branch, Robert A. Taft Eaboratory, Mailstop C-19, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cinciimati, OH 45226-1998 Phone 800-35-NIOSH. 

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring methyl parathion, its metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to methyl parathion. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather, the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods of analysis. Many of the analytical methods used for environmental samples are the methods approved by federal agencies and organizations such as EPA and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Other methods presented in this chapter are those that are approved by groups such as the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the American Public Health Association (APHA). Additionally, analytical methods are included that modify previously used methods to obtain lower detection limits and/or to improve accuracy and precision. 

We thank John Fajen for many valuable and Illuminating discussions. The work described here was supported. In part, by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under Contract 210-77-0100. Any opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations experessed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIOSH. 

The financial impact of pain is considered to be significant. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimated that the cost of low back pain alone was between 50 billion and 100 billion per year.12 The American Productivity Audit of the United States workforce, conducted from 2001 to 2002, revealed that the cost of lost productivity due to arthritis, back pain, headache, and other musculoskeletal pain was approximately 80 billion per year.13... 

Mineral oil is the major chemical component of mineral oil hydraulic fluids. Mineral oil belongs to a larger class of chemicals called petroleum distillates. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates petroleum distillate and mineral oil mist levels in workplace air. The occupational exposure limits for an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek are 2,000 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) in air for petroleum distillates and 5 mg/m3 for mineral oil mists. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends an exposure limit of 350 mg/m3 of petroleum distillates for a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. 

The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) [70] is a database of toxicological information compiled, maintained, and updated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 mandated the program. RTECS now contains over 133,000 chemicals as NIOSH strives to fulfill the mandate to list all known toxic substances and the concentrations at which toxicity is known to occur. This database is available for searching through the GOV. Research Center (GRQ service at http // grc.ntis.gov by subscription or by a day pass. 

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