NATIONAL AND PERSONAL SECURITY

Chapter 11 addresses national and personal security, both the role that the chemical sciences can play in dealing with terrorist threats and the other ways in which national and personal security depend on current and future advances. There are serious challenges in this area. How can we detect chemical or biological attacks How can we deal with them when they are detected How can we provide improved materials and weapons to our armed forces, and to our civilian police What can we contribute to increase the security of the average citizen We conclude that this is an area where the chemical sciences are particularly central and relevant. 

As said previously, records are the property of the organization and not personal property so their destruction should be controlled. The controls should ensure that records are not destroyed without prior authorization and, depending on the medium on which data is recorded and the security classification of the data, you may also need to specify the method of disposal. The management would not be pleased to read details in the national press of the organization s performance, collected from a waste disposal site by a zealous newspaper reporter ... 

Once the need is established, the problem arises as to where to look for these unpublished data. The principal clues are scientific meetings, published literature, and personal contacts, and the main sources are the individual chemist s notebook, typed or mimeographed material having limited circulation, and theses and dissertations which are buried in the libraries of the institutions at which they were written. Many chemists have the misconception that unpublished data consist entirely of material that is unavailable for reasons of national security or will later be used in obtaining patents and is therefore being kept confidential. This discussion is limited to the types that are available. 

It was all of these concerns and my conviction that I may not be far from being correct in my thoughts that motivated me to write this book. It is my belief that personal security and well being is intimately tied to National Security. And if you are apt to agree with me, you will also agree that a book such as this will be invaluable for Americans and non Americans alike, in particular those who are not so imbued with relevant scientific and technical knowledge of the core material. Those who may not have the time to research these matters should personally find the book informative. 

Web architecture has developed both in terms of providing convenience for consumer transactions and social networking sites, such as Facebook, and also in terms of providing security through the use of firewalls and new security software to try to prevent cyber crimes. Despite the security risks, the usage of the Internet for personal, financial, educational, and business-related activities is expected to increase, especially in many of the newly developing countries that have been lagging behind the United States and other developed nations. 

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) develops and issues fire codes that are used by fire marshals and the authority having jurisdiction to enforce required fire safety measures. NFPA issued the new NFPA 45-2015 Standardfor Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals which included Chapter 12 on Educational and Instructional Laboratory Operations. This new section established new requirements for teachers and instructors who perform demonstrations. Instructors performing demonstrations must perform a documented risk assessment, provide a safety briefing to students, provide adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), and use secured safety barriers between the student and the demonstration to prevent personal injury unless there is at least 10 feet between the demonstration and the students. Institutions are required to train instmctors in fire safety procedures, emergency plans, hazards in the laboratories, use of PPE, and how to conduct risk assessments. 

Links between types represent ary association of the members of one type with the members of the other type no matter how the association is implemented. Within a single component, associations typically may be implemented with memory address pointers within a single database, associations may be implemented as pairs of keys in a table. Between components, an association represents a form of identification that each one recognizes as referring to a single object within itself. For example, we could draw an association between Person (real ones) and the Personal Records in a national Social Security database the Social Security number identifies members of one type with those of the other. 

Materials synthesis is a necessary component in the development of advanced technologies for national security and homeland defense. For instance, new composites, nanoscale molecules and compounds, and polymers are needed for tougher, explosion- or puncture-resistant materials that can be employed in buildings, garments, bridges, and other products and structures. Personal protective materials could be enhanced with new chemical adsorbents filter materials, impermeable membranes, artificial sutures, and improved energetic materials for... 

National laboratories vary in their practices for the wearing of personal monitors. Some national laboratories incorporate the personal monitor into the security pass. In most cases, the laboratories have policies similar to those found in the nuclear power industry. That is, the personal monitor is attached to a necklace, placing the monitor essentially in the center of the chest, or the personal monitor is worn elsewhere between the shoulders and the waist. 

---