NAPL

Planet Uranus) Yellow-colored glass, containing more than 1% uranium oxide and dating back to 79 A.D., has been found near Naples, Italy. Klaproth recognized an unknown element in pitchblende and attempted to isolate the metal in 1789. 

Lead antimonate [13510-89-9] (Naples yellow), Pb2(Sb0 2> mol wt 993.07, d = 6.58g/cm, is an orange-yeUow powder that is insoluble in water and dilute acids, but very slightly soluble in hydrochloric acid. Lead antimonates are modifiers for ferroelectric lead titanates, pigments in oil-base paints, and colorants for glasses and glazes (see Colorants for ceramics). They are made by the reaction of lead nitrate and potassium antimonate solutions, followed by concentration and crystallization. 

Nonaqueous phase Hquids (NAPLs) present special problems for soil and ground water cleanup. Contaminant transport through ground water depends in part on the water solubiHty of the compound. Because NAPLs cling to subsurface particles and are slow to dissolve in ground water, they hinder cleanups and prolong cleanup times. Dense nonaqueous phase Hquids (DNAPLs) migrate downward in the aquifer and can coUect in pools or pockets of the substmcture. Examples of DNAPLs are the common solvents tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) which were used extensively at many faciHties before the extent of subsurface contamination problems was realized. 

In 1606 Gioavanni Battista della Porta of Naples performed two experiments that formed the basis for steam engines. He proved that steam could develop pressure by expelling water from a sealed container. In the next experiment a steam-filled flask was inrmersed neck down in water. As the cooling steam condensed, water flowed upward into the flask, proving that a vacuum had been created. 

Lucio Annunziato Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy... 

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Prof. V. Petraccone, Prof. B. Pi-rozzi, Dr. C. De Rosa, Dr. V. Venditto (University of Naples) for their advice and support. Financial support by the Ministero dell Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (Italy) is acknowledged. 

A. Apicella, L. Nicolais and C. de Cataldis Polymer Engineering Laboratory, University of Naples Piazzale Tecchio, 80125 Naples Italy... 

David M. Bishop (Ottawa, Canada) Giuseppe del Re (Naples, Italy) Fritz Grein (Fredericton, Canada)... 

Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy... 

In collaboration with our colleagues in the Division of Cardiology at the University of Naples Federico II, we investigated the effects of mast cell-derived preformed... 

This work was supported by grants from the Ministero deUTstruzione, deU Universita e deUa Ricerca (MIUR), from the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (Rome, Italy) and the Regione Campania (Naples, Italy). 

Johannes Ring Munich Kurt Blaser Davos Monique Capron uiie Judah A. Denburg Hamilton Stephen . Holgate Southampton Gianni Marone Naples Hirohisa Saito Tokyo... 

Giambattista della Porta, Magiae J aturalis Libri Vi nti (Naples Horatius Salvianus, 1589), 179-99, 182-83. See also Book XVII, 259-86 De catoptricis imaginibus. Delia Porta s optical theory is discussed in Vasco Ronchi, The Mature of Light (London Heinemann, 1970), 78-87. 

Porta, Giambattista della, Magiae JVatitralis Libri Vignti (Naples Horatius Salvianus, 1589). 

D. F. Lowe, C. L. Oubre, and C. H. Ward, Reuse of surfactants and cosolvents for NAPL remediation, Lewis Publishers, 1999. 

The authors would also like to thank the heads of the research groups and their co-work-ers, namely R Navard (Armines, France), G. Marruci (Naples, Italy), M. Cates (Cambridge, England), and B. Simionescu (Jassy, Rumania) for fruitful and stimulating discussions. 

Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples, Naples, Italy... 

Anonymous. DDT. Journal for the Society of Dyers and Colourists. 61 (Dec. 1945) 335-336. Source for Geigy s mothproofer natural insecticides inadequate key beetle experiment DDT shirts concentration camps postwar uses of DDT how DDT kills Swiss potatoes saved and Naples epidemic. 

Marion Friedman. Ft. Col. Theodore E. Woodward, M.C. Maryland Medical Journal. 44, no. 11 (Nov. 1995) 942-943, 977-978. Source for hand-spraying diagram Mickey Finn drops Naples epidemic and Japanese occupation. 

As an immiscible organic liquid retained by capillary forces in the pore space between the soil particles. This free organic phase is often referred to with the abbreviation NAPL (nonaqueous phase liquid). 

In the presence of NAPL in the soil matrix Without NAPL in the soil matrix ... 

Po, = specific density of the NAPL mixture (kg/L) m = mass fraction of contaminant in the NAPL mixture X = moles of contaminant in the NAPL mixture = activity coefficient of contaminant in NAPL... 

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