Campania region

De Vivo, B., Lima, A., Albanese, S., and Cicchella, D. (2006). Adante Geochimico—Ambientale Della Regione Campania. Geochemical Environmental Adas of Campania Region. 216 p. Aracne Editrice, Roma. ISBN 88-548-0819-9. 

Pb and U Background Values for Campania Region Stream Sediments 14°... 

The evaluation at the regional scale of Pb and U natural background concentrations for 2389 stream sediment samples of Campania region (13,600 km2) (Lima et al.,... 

The Campania region covers about 13,600 km2. Morphologically, Campania is made up, in its eastern sector, by the Apennine mountains oriented roughly NW-SE and in the west, by two coastal plains. Lithologies mostly consist of sedimentary and... 

Comparing geological map (Fig. 7.3) of the Campania region with Pb (Fig. 7.1 A) and U (Fig. 7.IB) MIDW interpolated maps, it can be seen that the distribution of high Pb values reflects both a lithologic and an anthropogenic control, whereas U reflects mostly a lithologic control. 

Figure 7 3 Simplified geological map of Campania region (A) and of metropolitan and provincial areas ofNapoli (B).

Table 7.1 Pb and U statistical parameters of 2389 stream sediment samples from campania region...

Figure 7-4 Pb U log-transformed values histograms and cumulative probability curves for the Campania region 2389 stream sediments.

Sampling of the main urban areas of Campania region (Albanese et al., 2007 Cicchella et al., in press De Vivo et al., 2006 Fedele et al., in press Lima et al., 2007) has been based on grids with square cells of 1 km2 and 500 m2, respectively, for low anthropic pressure zones and for potentially polluted areas (downtown, industrial areas, etc.). Sajn et al. (1998) applied to the city of Ljubliana (Slovenia) a sampling grid with three cell orders 1 km2 for the surroundings, 500 m2 for the town and 250 m2 for clearly polluted zones. 

Extraction methods based on solutions of chelating agents, such as EDTA and DTPA, or salts of weak acids, such as ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) (Lakanen and Ervio, 1971 Lindsay and Norwell, 1969), can be used to assess plant-available trace element contents of soils and to evaluate more robustly human exposure to environmental risks in an urban context. A study carried out in the main cities of Campania region in southern Italy (Albanese, 2008) demonstrated how the bioavailable concentrations of some trace elements such as Zn, Pb and Cu in soils, determined using ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction, are much lower than the elemental concentrations determined by an aqua regia extraction on the same samples (Table 8.1). 

Sajn et al. (1998), De Vivo et al. (2006), Albanese et al. (2007), Lima et al. (2007), Cicchella et al. (in press) and Fedele et al. (in press) use the R-mode FA (Miesch Programs, 1990) to identify elemental associations and to explain data variability in urban soils of the main city of Campania region. Their results highlight how elements such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn are often associated and higher factor scores spatially relate to the presence of anthropogenic sources in an urban context (Fig. 8.7). 

Figure 8.9 Interpolated distribution of quasi-total elemental concentrations of Pb (A), Zn (B) and Cu (C) in the soils of the main cities of the Campania region ofltaly (Albanese, 2008), based on aqua regia concentrations, compared with the bioavailable (ammonium acetate-EDTA) concentrations (dots). The data were reclassified by means of the intervention levels established by Italian law D.M. 152/99 (Ministero dell Ambiente, 2006).

Lima, A., De Vivo, B., Cicchella, D., Cortini, M., and Albanese, S. (2003). Multifractal IDW interpolation and fractal filtering method in environmental studies An application on regional stream sediments of Campania region (Italy). Appl. Geochem. 18, 1853—1865. 

Relationships Between Heavy Metal Distribution and Cancer Mortality Rates in the Campania Region, Italy... 

Geology, Geochemical Data, and Cancer Mortality Data of Campania Region 388... 

The objective of this work, in particular, is to provide comprehensive geographic and geologic data to help understand possible interactions between the occurrence of anomalous amounts of toxic metal concentrations and pathologies in Campania region. The latter is, with Sardinia (De Vivo et al., 1997, 2001, 2006c), the only Italian region covered by a systematic sampling of soils and stream sediments with the distribution of toxic metals. 

At this stage of the study, no cause—effect relationships between toxic metal distribution and cancer rates can be established, as a joint study with medical and epidemiological professionals is needed to accurately interpret the epidemiological data available for the Campania region. 

The lithologies of Campania region (Fig. 16.1) can be grouped into three... 

Figure 16.I Simplified geologic map of the Campania region, Italy.

Figure 16.3 Maps representing the Regional Standardized Mortality ratio (SMR-REG) distribution for each ASL referred to bronchus, trachea, and lung neoplasm cancer, for male (A) and female (B) in Campania region. NA, AV, BN, CE, and SA prefix in the labels indicates the pertinence of an ASL to a provincial territory (NA = Naples AV = Avelhno BN = Benevento CE = Caserta SA = Salerno).

Cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung cause many deaths in both men and women in the Campania region. It is the leading cause of death for men and the third leading cause of death for women, after breast cancer. The map which report... 

Figure 16.4 Map representing the SMR-REG distribution for each ASL referred to bladder cancer, for male (A) and female (B) in the Campania region. For explanations of labels, see Fig. 16.3.

The correspondence between high SMR-REG and high anomalous values for As, Cd, and Pb mostly in Naples province represents a probability that a cause—effect relationship might exist between tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer and toxic metal environmental pollution (Boyd et al., 1970 Goyer, 1993). This hypothesis should be tested by means of biomonitoring data on blood and/or urine samples in residents of the Campania region. 

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