Nanostructured multilayers

Ljungcrantz, H., Engstrom, C., Hultman, L., Olsson, M., Chu, X., Wong, M.S. and Sproul, W.D. (1998), Nanoindentation hardness, abrasive wear, and microstructure of TiN/ NbN polycrystalline nanostructured multilayer films grown by reactive magnetron sputtering , Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, 16, 3104-3113. 

There are many potential applications of such 3D polymer nanostructures. Multilayered structure with varied grating periods can be used as size-controlled filters in microfluidics to select and separate particles of different sizes. Another potential application is to fabricate periodic 3D polymer structures and infiltrate the polymer template with high refractive index inorganic... 

Key words nanostructured metallic systems/microstructural stability/structure-property relationships/metallic nanostructures/nanostructured multilayers... 

Couto DS, Alves NM, Mano IF (2009) Nanostructured multilayer coatings combining chitosan with bioactive glass nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotech 9 1741-1748 Dong P et al (2009) Biocompatibility of chitosan/heparin multilayer coalings on NiTi. Mater Sci Forum 610-613 1179-1182... 

Fernandes, E.G.R., Vieira, N.C.S., de Queiroz, A.A.A., Guimaraes, F.E.G. Immobilization of poly(propylene imine) dendrimer/Nickel phthalocyanine as nanostructured multilayer films to be used as gate membranes for SEGEET pH sensors. J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 6478-6483 (2010)... 

Post-column generation and detection of the AsO molybdate heteropoly ion Use of Ag nanostructured multilayer films LOD = 5 pg/L Simultaneous determination of six As ions LOD < 4 pg/L... 

The fabrication of nanostructured, multilayer protein films is a prime target for the development of highly efficient sensors or bioreporters, especially where wiring of the biological to a transducer or coupled catalytic sequences are needed [11,22-35]. This has become possible with the advent of layer-by-layer adsorption (LLA) [78,139-146], a procedure based on the deposition of alternate layers of functional macromolecules and proteins, or proteins and proteins, held together by electrostatic, hydrophobic, and/or molecular recognition interactions. 

Jensen, H., Sobota, J., and Sorensen, G., A Study of Film Growth and Tribological Characterization of Nanostructured C-N/TiNx Multilayer coatings," Surf. Coat. Technol., Vol. 94/95,1997, pp. 174-178. 

Switzer JA (2001) Electrodeposition of superlattices and multilayers. In Hodes G (ed) Electrochemistry of Nanostructures, Wdey-VCH, Weinheim... 

Molecular calculations provide approaches to supramolecular structure and to the dynamics of self-assembly by extending atomic-molecular physics. Alternatively, the tools of finite element analysis can be used to approach the simulation of self-assembled film properties. The voxel4 size in finite element analysis needs be small compared to significant variation in structure-property relationships for self-assembled structures, this implies use of voxels of nanometer dimensions. However, the continuum constitutive relationships utilized for macroscopic-system calculations will be difficult to extend at this scale because nanostructure properties are expected to differ from microstructural properties. In addition, in structures with a high density of boundaries (such as thin multilayer films), poorly understood boundary conditions may contribute to inaccuracies. 

Zaumseil, J. et al. 2003.Three-dimensional and multilayer nanostructures formed by nanotransfer printing. Nano Lett. 3 1223-1227. 

Optics in Magnetic Multilayers and Nanostructures, Stefan Vishovsktf... 

Figure 2.26 (a) Scheme for an electrostatically self-assembled multilayer (PAHOs)4(Apo-COx)3(COx) electrode, (b) Catalytic current response to p-d-glucose concentration for self-assembled nanostructured thin films of PAH-Os/COx/(PAH-Os/(ApoGOx)3 and (PAH-Os/ApoCOx)3/PAH-Os/COx, where ApoCOx is FAD-free glucose oxidase. Taken from Ref [219]. 

Electrodeposition is to date the most economical and convenient path to the production of multilayered nanostructures. The contracts thus obtained can and do provide useful paradigms for fundamental studies (14) as well as for a plethora of useful applications. Some of the applications are in the arena of magnetically operated read/write elements others are in the field of electronic switches, to name only a few. 

So-called nanostructural materials are divided into three main types one-dimensional (or more commonly known as multilayers ) structures made of alternate thin layers of different composition, two-dimensional structures (more commonly known as wire-type elements suspended within a three-dimensional matrix), and three dimensional constructs that may be made of a distribution of fine particles suspended within a matrix (in either periodic or random fashion) or an aggregate of two or more phases with a nanometric grain size (these are illustrated in Fig. 17.1). 

Electrodeposition is to date the most economical and convenient path to the production of multilayered nanostructures. 

Lu C, Donch I, Nolte M, Fery A (2006) Au nanoparticle-based multilayer ultrathin films with covalently linked nanostructures spraying layer-by-layer assembly and mechanical property characterization. Chem Mater 18 6204-6210... 

Surface science has been one of the first beneficiaries of self-assembled nanostructures (in the form of SAMs). Self-assembly is a very general strategy for forming molecularly tailored interfaces, and, other than the few systems that have formed the basis for the majority of work in SAMs, almost none of the obvious opportunities to use self-assembly to build ordered, nanostructured interfaces have been examined. The preparation of more sophisticated structures based on molecules with complex stmctures, on self-assembled colloids, on multilayered polymers formed by electrostatic interactions between charged groups166,167, or on biologically derived structures is just beginning168-171. 

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