Nanoparticles spectrometry

Bray KL (2001) High Pressure Probes of Electronic Structure and Luminescence Properties of Transition Metal and Lanthanide Systems. 213 1-94 Bronstein LM (2003) Nanoparticles Made in Mesoporous Solids. 226 55-89 Bronstrup M (2003) High Throughput Mass Spectrometry for Compound Characterization in Drug Discovery. 225 275-294... 

Moritake S, Taira S, Sugiura Y, et al. Magnetic nanoparticle-based mass spectrometry for the detection of biomolecules in cultured cells. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2009 9 169-176. 

Mass spectrometry is also used for nanoparticles investigations. Two ionization techniques often used with liquid and solid biological samples include electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioiuzation (MALDI). Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources are mainly used for metal analysis. In general,... 

Fig. 16.10 Plot showing kinetics of C CljNOj reduction (fiUed circles) occurring in conjunction with increasing photon correlation spectrometry (PCS) count rates (open circles), which are indicative of particle formation, in reaction with O.SOmM Fe(ll) (pH 7.0). (For clarity, the symbols showing measured values of [C CljNOJ are connected point to point.) The other open symbols show PCS count rates in nonreaction mixtures (i.e., without C Cl NO ) containing either O.SOmM Fe(II) (pH 7.0) or O.SOmM Ca(ll) (pH 7.0). Reprinted with permission from Klupinski TP, Chin YP, Traina SJ (2004) Abiotic degradation of pentachloronitrobenzene by Fe(ll) Reactions on goethite and iron oxide nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 3S 4353-4360. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society...

Since dithio- and selenocarbamates and their derivatives are used so widely in the deposition of thin films and nanoparticles that a mechanistic study of their decomposition behavior was carried out by O Brien et al. [ 107]. Wold et al. [78] studied the decomposition products of Zn(S2CNEt2)2 using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their reported deposition path shows clean ehmination of ZnS from the precursor (Eqs. 1 and 2 below). However, the proposed decomposition route is somewhat different to the step-by-step fragmentation observed in the electron-ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) of the compoimd, (Eq. 3). This difference can be attributed to inherent differences between the two techniques. 

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) was applied to analyses of the surface composition of polymer-stabilized metal nanoparticles, which was mentioned in the previous section. This is true in the case of bimetallic nanoparticles as well. In addition, the XPS data can support the structural analyses proposed by EXAFS, which often have considerably wide errors. Quantitative XPS data analyses can be carried out by using an intensity factor of each element. Since the photoelectron emitted by x-ray irradiation is measured in XPS, elements located near the surface can preferentially be detected. The quantitative analysis data of PVP-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles at a 1/1 (mol/mol) ratio are collected in Table 9.1.1. For example, the composition of Pd and Pt near the surface of PVP-stabilized Pd/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles is calculated to be Pd/Pt = 2.06/1 (mol/ mol) by XPS as shown in Table 9.1.1, while the metal composition charged for the preparation is 1/1. Thus, Pd is preferentially detected, suggesting the Pd-shell structure. This result supports the Pt-core/Pd-shell structure. The similar consideration results in the Au-core/Pd-shell and Au-core/Pt-shell structure for PVP-stabilized Au/Pd and Au/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles, respectively (53). 

Metal nanoparticles have also been included into MIPs. Such particles can be used, for example, as nanoantennae for the enhancement of electromagnetic waves (plasmonic enhancement). It has been shown by He et al. [122] that a thin layer (20-120 nm) of testosterone-imprinted silica could be synthesized around 350 nm silver particles in a controlled way. The composite material showed specific binding of the testosterone target. Matsui et al. [123] reported a molecularly imprinted polymer with immobilized Au nanoparticles as a sensing material for spectrometry. The sensing mechanism is based on the variable proximity of the Au nanoparticles... 

Nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry Nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry Oscillating capillary nebulizer Olanzapine Prostate cancers Sinapinic acid... 

Watanabe T, Kawasaki H, Yonezawa T, Arakawa R (2008) Surface-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) of low molecular weight organic compounds and synthetic polymers using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. J Mass Spectrom 43 1063-1071. doi 10.1002/jms.l385... 

Goto-Inoue N, Hayasaka T, Zaima N, Kashiwagi Y, Yamamoto M, Nakamoto M, Setou M (2010) The detection of glycosphingohpids in brain tissue sections by imaging mass spectrometry using gold nanoparticles. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 21 1940-1943. doi 10.1016/j. jasms.2010.08.002... 

Particle composition is far more difficult to evaluate. Bulk elemental analysis [atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are most common for metals] is useful in confirming the overall bimetallic composition of the sample, but provides no information regarding individual particles. Microscopy techniques, particularly Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), has supported the assertion that bimetallic DENs are bimetallic nanoparticles, rather than a physical mixture of monometallics [16]. Provided the particle density is low... 

Recent detection methods for glycan array include fluorescent assay, SPR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and nanoparticle assay. Fluorescence-based measurement is the prevalent principle for detecting binding to glycan microarrays. Rhodamine [9],... 

Glyco-AuNPs have been shown to simultaneously enrich and isolate proteins from a very dilute solution with minimal sample handling [84], AuNPs offer an additional advantage in that bound proteins can be identified directly by mass spectrometry without the elution of the captured protein because of the electrical conductivity of the nanoparticles. Lin et al. previously prepared Gal-AuNP and Pk-AuNP and... 

Keywords cell surface, nanoparticle, MALDI, TPD, mass spectrometry 1. Introduction... 

Interaction of nanomaterials with native cells is an important problem in modem life science. Recent progress in mass spectrometry provides a vital tool to study this problem. Advances in applications of mass spectrometry for investigating the interaction of nanoparticles with cell membranes and biomacromolecules are based on at least two methods. The first is matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI),1 and the second is temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD MS), newly developed to study the interaction of nanoparticles with a cell surface.2 ... 

Raman scattering spectrometry has some advantages over an infrared (IR) spectrometry in the sensitivity, the space resolution, and the applicability to aqueous solution. It can attain high sensitivity, when it is performed under the resonance Raman condition, or under the surface enhanced condition, where silver or gold nanoparticle is used as a source of plasmon. These techniques have been applied successfully for the measurement of extremely small amount of molecules adsorbed at the liquid-liquid interfacial region. 

Bilati, U., Pasquarello, C., Corthals, C. L., Hochstrasser, D. F., Allemann, E., and Doelker, E. (2005), Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for quantitation and molecular stability assessment of insulin entrapped within PLGA nanoparticles, J. Pharm. Sci., 94,1-7. 

Izumi, Y., D. Masih, K. Aika, and Y. Seida. 2005. Characterization of intercalated Iron(III) nanoparticles and oxidative adsorption of arsenite on them monitored by x-ray absorption fine structure combined with fluorescence spectrometry. J. Phys. Chem. B. 109 3227-3232. 

Ferrimagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite (Fc304) in diamagnetic matrices have been studied. Nanoparticles have been obtained by alkaline precipitation of the mixture of Fe(II) and F(III) salts in a water medium [10]. Concentration of nanoparticles was 50 mg/ml (1 vol.%). The particles were stabilized by phosphate-citrate buffer (pH = 4.0) (method of electrostatic stabilization). Nanoparticle sizes have been determined by photon correlation spectrometry. Measurements were carried out at real time correlator (Photocor-SP). The viscosity of ferrofluids was 1.01 cP, and average diffusion coefficient of nanoparticles was 2.5 10 cm /s. The size distribution of nanoparticles was found to be log-normal with mean diameter of nanoparticles 17 nm and standard deviation 11 nm. 

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