Naming compounds cations

During this time I suggested (in 1972) naming the cations of carbon compounds carbocations (because the corresponding anions were named carbanions ). To my surprise, the name stuck and was later officially adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for general use. 

The name of an ionic compound consists of two words. The first word names the cation and the second names the anion. This is, of course, the same order in which the ions appear in the formula. 

D.1 Names of Cations D.2 Names of Anions D.3 Names of Ionic Compounds D.4 Names of Inorganic Molecular Compounds D.5 Names of Some Common Organic Compounds... 

Name compounds by applying the guidelines. The guidelines for naming binary compounds that contain metals differ from those for compounds containing no metal. Unless a metal forms only one stable atomic cation, its charge must be specified with a Roman numeral in parentheses. 

Now that we know how to name the cations and anions, we merely have to put the two names together to get the names of ionic compounds. The cation is named first and the anion is named next. The number of cations and anions per formula unit need not be included in the name of the compound because anions have characteristic charges, and the charge on the cation has already been established by its name. There are as many cations and anions as needed to get a neutral compound with the lowest possible subscripts. 

Just as with simpler compounds, cations are always named before anions. Thus, a cationic complex would be the first word in the name, and an anionic complex would be the last word in a name (with an ate ending). 

The rule for naming compounds depends on the type of compound. For ionic compounds consisting of two elements (binary compounds), we start by naming the cation element. After the cation element is named, the stem of the anion is used with the ending ide added to the stem. 

If the compound is a salt, name the cation first and then the anion, just as in naming simple salts (Section 2.10). For example, K3[Fe(CN)6] is potassium hexacyanof errate(III). 

Abstract In the late 1980s independent work by Feigner and Behr pioneered the use of cationic materials to complex and deliver nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. Since this time, a vast number of synthetic transfection vectors, which are typically divided into two main transfectors , have been developed namely (1) cationic lipids and (2) polycationic polymers. In this chapter the main synthetic approaches used for the synthesis of these compounds will be reviewed with particular attention paid to cationic lipids and dendrimers. This review is aimed primarily at the younger audience of doctoral students and non-specialist readers. 

Ionic Compounds To name an ionic compound, you just name the cation and then the anion. There is a crucial difference between naming ionic compounds and molecular compounds. In molecular compounds you must include prefix multipliers (di, tri, etc.) to indicate the number of each kind of atom in the molecule. In ionic compounds you must not include prefix multipliers, because the number of each ion in the formula unit is controlled by the charges on the ions. If the cation is a representative element, it is not necessary to indicate the charge, because (with few exceptions) these metals form cations with an ionic charge equal to the group number. 

This technique has found limited applications to the determination of organic compounds, cations and anions in water. The technique offers many similar advantages to ion chromatography, namely multiple-ion analysis, little or no sample pretreatment, speed, sensitivity and automation. 

Order of Naming Ions If the compound is ionic, the name of cation is mentioned first followed by the name of onion. For example,... 

The carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon double bond. The term is used in naming compounds, such as an allylic halide, or in referring to reactive intermediates, such as an allylic cation, an allylic radical, or an allylic anion, (p. 673)... 

When writing a chemical formula, you learned that you write the metal element first. Similarly, the metal comes first when naming a chemical compound. For example, sodium chloride is formed from the metal sodium and the non-metal chlorine. Think of other names you have seen in this chapter, such as beryllium chloride, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide. In each case, the metal is first and the non-metal is second. In other words, the cation is first and the anion is second. This is just one of the rules in chemical nomenclature the system that is used in chemistry for naming compounds. 

A binary compound is an inorganic compound that contains two elements. Binary compounds may contain a metal and a non-metal or two non-metals. Binary compounds are often ionic compounds. To name a binary ionic compound, name the cation first and the anion second. For example, the compound that contains sodium and chlorine is called sodium chloride. 

Stock Method Method for naming compounds where a roman numeral is used to indicate the amount of positive charge on the cation. 

In most cases, naming ionic componnds involves simply naming both ions. A hnge majority of ionic componnds are made np of one type of cation pins one type of anion. Thns, to name most ionic compounds, we name the cation first and then the anion. The more difficult part of the process is learning to name cations and anions themselves. 

We learned in Chapter 5 that some metals always form monatomic ions having one given charge in all their compounds. In this book, we will call this type of ion the constant type. Other metals form monatomic ions with different charges (see Figure 5.11). We will call this type the variable type. There are also some polyatomic cations, but only three of these are important for this course. Thus, the first step in naming a cation is to decide which of these three types it is polyatomic, constant type, or variable type. We name them in different ways. 

Naming ionic compounds involves first naming the cation and then naming the anion. Therefore, the name of such a compound leads directly to its formula. 

To name an ionic compound, name the cation first and then the anion. Use just the name of the element for monatomic cations of elements that form only one cation. For monatomic cations of elements that can form more than one cation, indicated the charge on the cation by a Roman numeral in parentheses added to the name of the element. Polyatomic cations have special names, ammonium ion being the most important. 

Identify and name the cations and anions that make up the following ionic compounds and indicate the charge on each ion. 

Name the cation first and the anion second. Remember that the cation is always written first in the formula. For example, CsBr is a compound used in X-ray fluorescent screens. In the formula CsBr, Cs+ is the cation and is named first. The anion is Br and is named second. 

IR-1.5.3.2 Compositional nomenclature IR-1.5.3.3 Substitutive nomenclature IR-1.5.3.4 Additive nomenclature IR-1.5.3.5 General naming procedures IR-1.6 Changes to previous IUPAC recommendations IR-1.6.1 Names of cations IR-1.6.2 Names of anions IR-1.6.3 The element sequence of Table VI IR-1.6.4 Names of anionic ligands in (formal) coordination entities IR-1.6.5 Formulae for (formal) coordination entities IR-1.6.6 Additive names of polynuclear entities IR-1.6.7 Names of inorganic acids IR-1.6.8 Addition compounds IR-1.6.9 Miscellaneous... 

In formulae and names of salts, double salts and coordination compounds, cations precede anions. Ordering within each of these groups is alphabetical, cf. Section IR-2.15.2. 

Naming Compounds Involving Single-Cation Metals... 

Formula + Ion Charge Cation Name Compound Name... 

Chemical formulas describe the simplest atom ratio (empirical formula), actual atom number (molecular formula), and atom arrangement (structural formula) of one unit of a compound. An ionic compound is named with cation first and anion second. For metals that can form more than one ion, the charge is shown with a Roman numeral. Oxoanions have suffixes, and sometimes prefixes, attached to the element root name to indicate the number of oxygen atoms. Names of hydrates give the number of associated water molecules with a numerical prefix. Acid names are based on anion names. Covalent compounds have the first word of the name for the element that is leftmost or lower down in the periodic table, and prefixes show the number of each atom. The molecular (or formula) mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses in the formula. Molecules are depicted by various types of formulas and models. 

When the compound contains a polyatomic ion, simply name the cation followed by the name of the polyatomic ion. 

Strategy When naming ionic compounds, our reference for the names of cations and anions is Table 2.3 of the text. Keep in mind that if a metal can form cations of different charges, we need to use the Stock system. In the Stock system, Roman numerals are used to specify the charge of the cation. The metals that have only one charge in ionic compounds are the alkali metals (+1), the alkaline earth metals (+2), Ag, Zn, Cd " ", and... 

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