Anions naming

Other Polyatomic Anions. Names for other polyatomic anions consist of the root name of the central atom with the ending -ate and followed by the valence of the central atom expressed by its oxidation number. Atoms and groups attached to the central atom are treated as ligands in a complex. 

Ionic compounds are named using the same guidelines used for naming binary molecules, except that the cation name aiways precedes the anion name. Thus, NH4 NO3 is ammonium nitrate, Na2 CO3 is sodium carbonate, and Ca3 (P04)2 is caicium phosphate. The subscripts are not specified in these names because the fixed ionic charges determine the cation-anion ratios unambiguously. Example 3-6 reinforces these guidelines by showing how to construct chemicai formulas from chemical names. 

Anion Name Formula Example Mineral Name... 

A The name of each of these ionic compounds is the name of the cation followed by that of the anion. Each anion name is a modified (with the ending ide ) version of the name of the element. Each cation name is the name of the metal, with the oxidation state appended in Roman numerals in parentheses if there is more than one type of cation for that metal. 

This is not as basic as the actual pH of the lake. Addition of Borax (sodium salt of boric acid) would aid in increasing the pH of the solution (since borax is the salt of a weak acid, it is a base). The lake may be more basic due to the presence of other basic anions, namely carbonate ion (C032-). 

Metal (Greek or Latin name) Symbol Anionic name... 

Ammonium salts contain a nitrogen atom with four bonds that has a positive charge. Four-bonded nitrogen atoms derived from amines are ammonium ions (if they re derived from aniline, they re anilinium ions). If the four bonds are all to carbon atoms, the nitrogen atom is quaternary. Salts contain a cation (named first) and an anion (named last). Typical anions include Cl (chloride), Bi" (bromide), HSO (hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate), and NOj-(nitrate). Figure 13-5 shows two examples of ammonium ions. 

Hydrogen is an exception. It is always cited last among the electropositive constituents and is separated from the following anion names by a space unless it is known to be bound to the anion. In languages other than English, different ordering may apply. In the examples, the letters defining the order are in bold face for clarity. This should not be extended to normal practice. 

Element substituent group names are formed by adding the suflix -io to the stem of the name (compare anion name formation). 

A< Ba(Q02)2.Bcirium is an alkaline ecirth metal (Group IIA) and thus has a chcii e of -1-2. You should recognize chlorite as the name of a polyatomic ion. In fact, any anion name that doesn t end in -ide should scream polyatomic ion to you. As Table 6-1 shows, chlorite is ClOj , which reveals that the chlorite ion has a-1 charge. Two chlorite ions cire necessary to neutralize the -1-2 chcirge of a single barium cation, so the chemical formula is Ba(C102)2-... 

Hydrobromic acid. HBr is a binary acid it doesn t contain oxygen, so it isn t an oxy-acid. You begin by writing hydro-. Next, change the ending of the anion name, bromine, to -ic and write bromic after hydro- Write acid at the end, and you re done ... 

These compounds are all ordinciry ionic compounds, so you simply need to pair the cation name with the anion name and change the anion name s ending to -ide. 

Ligands are named first, starting with any anionic ones, and the name of the metal is followed without a space by the oxidation state in Roman numerals (or the Arabic 0, for zero-valent metal centers) in parentheses. If the complex as a whole is anionic, the metal name is made to end in -ate, which replaces endings such as -ium or -um (nickelate, chromate, tantalate) and is followed by the oxidation state. Where the chemical symbol is derived from a Latin name, the anion name is usually also Latinized cuprate, argentate, aurate, ferrate, stannate, plumbate—but mercurate is an exception. 

The electrocyclic reactions of 3-membered rings, cyclopropyl cation and cyclopropyl anion, may be treated as special cases of the general reaction. Thus the cyclopropyl cation opens to the allyl cation in a disrotatory manner (i.e., allyl cation, n = 0), and the cyclopropyl anion opens thermally to the allyl anion in a conrotatory manner (i.e., allyl anion, m = 1). Heterocyclic systems isoelectronic to cyclopropyl anion, namely oxiranes, thiiranes, and aziridines, have also been shown experimentally and theoretically to open in a conrotatory manner [300]. 

Anions. The hydrogen nomenclature name described above consists of two parts, the second of which is an anion name. This can stand alone to represent the anion itself. 

Traditional names are still accepted for the exceptions listed in (Table 1-4). The ending -ic of the acid name becomes -ate in the anion name, and -ous becomes -ite. 

Fortunately, the —NS ligand has received only one name, thionitrosyl, which is used here. A radical name, rather than an anionic name, is used which follows the precedent set by the nitrosyl ligand itself. 

FIGURE 2.11 Main-group cations and anions. A cation bears the same name as the element it is derived from an anion name has an -ide ending. 

Metal Anion Name Metal Anion Name... 

Among the anion carriers, calixpyrrole receptors have found applications as components in anion-selective membrane electrodes. The potentiometric selectivity for membranes ISEs based on calix[4]pyrrole, 1 towards a range of anions, namely fluoride, chloride, bromide and dihydrogen phosphate was found to be pH-dependent. 

Appropriately strapped calixarenes have also been shown to complex anions and cations simultaneously. Such a system is the ditopic, calixarene-based receptor 11 (Scheme 9.4) reported by Tumcharern and coworkers [51[. Receptor 11, in which the strap incorporates two different binding motifs (urea and amide), showed selectivity for the tetrahedral phenylphosphinate anion (PPhH02) over simple Y-shaped anions, such as acetate. After initial screening studies, quantitative analyses were carried out using NMR spectroscopic methods. Specifically, titrations were carried out in CD3CN using the TBA salts of three promising anions, namely acetate, phenylphosphinate, and diphenylphosphate. Standard analyses of the... 

Common English Name Latin Name and Symbol Anion Name (used in complex)... 

All anions which bind to the Cu(II) in galactose oxidase lower the gzz and Azz values (22). This is consistent with (but not required for) a blue shift in the d-d transitions (32, 33, 34). Fe(CN)63" is the only anion among the limited ones we have studied which produces a red shift in the optical bands (Figure 4). At 1 1, 5 1, or 100 1 molar ratios of Fe(CN)63" to enzyme the same difference absorbance spectrum is obtained, and it is consistent with complex formation between galactose oxidase and the anion. Namely, the positive difference peaks at 455, 830,... 

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