Mussel body water

Graphs relating antipyrine concentrations and time were used to calculate clearance rates. A relationship between apparent antipyrine steady state concentrations at 120 and 240 minutes (api 2 o, ap2 o) and mussel body water and mantle cavity water was also determined (k). Mantle cavity water is that volume held between the valves when the mussels are closed, e.g., when transferred from the uptake solution (300 ml) to the elimination solution (300 ml). The initial antipyrine concentration (apo) was determined at the beginning of the experiment. Assuming no loss of antipyrine, complete mixing of the solutions, and its distribution into total mussel body water, when an apparent steady state is achieved, the following results ... 

Apparent Steady State Antipyrine Concentrations and Calculated Mussel Mantle Cavity and Body Water... 

The uptake and elimination half-lives of 176 and 169 min and 27 and 29 min were similar to each other and to half-lives obtained using mussels maintained in the laboratory. Half-lives in the longer term laboratory culture experiments (Table IV) were similar to each other. Similarly, the mantle cavity and body water constants gave no indication of stress (Table II). Mussels used in these experiments were selected by size (ca. 6 g viscera fresh weight) and variability could be reduced by adoption of more objective criteria. Instant Ocean culture does not directly effect antipyrine disposition and laboratory conditions are suitable for maintenance of animals for at least short times. 

Endosulfan does not bioaccumulate to high concentrations in terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems. In aquatic ecosystems, residue levels in fish generally peak within 7 days to 2 weeks of continuous exposure to endosulfan. Maximum bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are usually less than 3,000, and residues are eliminated within 2 weeks of transfer to clean water (NRCC 1975). A maximum BCE of 600 was reported for a-endosulfan in mussel tissue (Ernst 1977). In a similar study, endosulfan, isomers not specified, had a measured BCE of 22.5 in mussel tissue (Roberts 1972). Tissue concentrations of a-endosulfan fell rapidly upon transfer of the organisms to fresh seawater for example, a depuration half-life of 34 hours (Ernst 1977). Higher BCFs were reported for whole-body and edible tissues of striped mullet (maximum BCF=2,755) after 28 days of exposure to endosulfan in seawater (Schimmel et al. 1977). However, tissue concentrations decreased to undetectable levels 48 hours after the organisms were transferred to uncontaminated seawater. Similarly, a BCE of 2,650 was obtained for zebra fish exposed to 0.3 pg/L of endosulfan for 21 days in a flow-through aquarium (Toledo and Jonsson 1992). It was noted that endosulfan depuration by fish was rapid, with approximately 81% total endosulfan eliminated within 120 hours when the fish were placed in a tank of water containing no endosulfan. 

Shchepkina, A.M. (1990). The influence of helminths on the level of energy stored in the body of Black Sea mussels (In Russian). In Bioenergetics of Water Organisms (G.E. Shulman and G.A. Finenko, eds), pp. 72-78. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. 

Once coal tar creosote is in the environment, both plants and animals can absorb parts of the creosote mixture. Some components of coal tar creosote have been found in plants exposed to creosote-treated wood in nearby soil. The plants absorb very little (less than 0.5% of the amount available to the plant). Animals such as voles, crickets, snails, pill bugs, and worms take up coal tar creosote components from the environment that are passed into the body through skin, lungs, or stomachs. Animals that live in the water, such as Crustacea, shellfish, and worms, also take up coal tar creosote compounds. For instance, mussels attached to creosote-treated pilings and... 

In hydroids the body wall is not calcified, so that their fouling potential is not so great as with barnacles, mussels and serpulids. Large accumulations of hydroids however, can give rise to severe water flow restriction. 

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