Murex

Finally, selective separation and dewatering of one suspended substance in a slurry containing different minerals or precipitates is possible by selectively adsorbing a magnetic material (usually hydrophobic) onto a soHd that is also naturally or chemically conditioned to a hydrophobic state. This process (Murex) was used on both sulfide ores and some oxides (145). More recently, hydrocarbon-based ferrofluids were tested and shown to selectively adsorb on coal from slurries of coal and mineral matter, allowing magnetic recovery (147). Copper and zinc sulfides were similarly recoverable as a dewatered product from waste-rock slurries (148). 

P. Friedlander showed that Tyrian Purple from Murex brandaris was 6,6 -dibromoindigo (previously... 

The magnificent purple pigment referred to in the Bible and known to the Romans as Tyrian purple after the Phoenician port of Tyre (Lebanon), was shown by P. Friedlander in 1909 to be 6,6 -dibromoindigo. This precious dye was extracted in the early days from the small purple snail Murex brandaris, as many as 12000 snails being required to prepare 1.5 g of dye. The element itself was isolated by A.-J. Balard in 1826 from the mother liquors remaining after the crystallization of sodium chloride and sulfate from the waters of the Montpellier salt marshes ... 

Tantalum, Niobium and Zirconium, Murex Ltd., Rainham, Essex... 

Tyrian purple was derived from the "purple snail," the common name for what, in reality, are several species of mollusks of the genus Murex. Each one of the mollusk species yielded a slightly different variety of purple. In Tyre, where the most prized purple dye was produced, Murex brandaris snails were those most abundant and generally used, while in Sidon, not far to the north of Tyre, an amethyst purple variety of the dye was obtained from... 

Sandberg, G. (1997), The Red Dyes Cochineal, Madder and Murex Purple A World Tour of Textile Techniques, Lark Books, Asheville. 

Tribulus terrestris L. (Pedalium murex), or ground burnut, puncture vine, tzu, chih hsing, tu chi li (Chinese), is an annual, prostrate dwarf shrubbish herb that grows to a height of 60 cm. The plant grows in disturbed areas, roadsides, railways, cultivated... 

Bromine was used centuries before it was identified. A sea mussel known as the murex secretes a hquid that was made into an expensive dye known as Tyrian purple. However, the dyemakers were unaware that a compound of bromine was the main ingredient of the dye until the 1900s. 

People have long used marine organisms as the source of a limited number of synthetic products used in everyday life. Perhaps the most famous of these organisms has been the mollusk Murex bran-dans, from which a beautiful purple dye can he extracted. The dye is obtained from a small organ of the mollusk (the hypobranchial gland), and its preparation is so expensive that it was traditionally used as a dye only for clothing worn by the nobility. For that reason, the dye was called royal purple or, more commonly, Tyrian purple, after the region from which it is obtained. 

Centuries before the element bromine was discovered, one of its organic compounds, Tyrian purple, was used as a rich costly dye prepared from a white juice secreted by the Mediterranean mollusk, the straight-spined Murex (M. brandaris Linne) (91,166). Strabo described the Tyrian dye works in his Geography, and the product was mentioned frequently in the Bible (Ezek. 27, 7, 16) (92). In 1909 H. Friedlander of Vienna discovered that this royal dye from Murex brandaris is identical with the 6 6 dibrom indigo which F. Sachs of Berlin and his collaborators had prepared only five years previously from p-bromo-o-nitrobenzalde-hyde (93, 94, 95). 

Friedlander, H., fiber den Farbstoff des antiken Purpurs aus Murex bran-... 

Freshwater invertebrates, 3 species Aseiius, Lymnaea, Sialis) Gastropod Murex brandaris M. brandaris M. brandaris... 

Blue materials used as pigments or dyes, were the lapis lazuli (ultramarine), azurite (armenium). Both of these sometimes were called caeruleum. Indicum was indigo imported from India. Purpurissium was the name given to a pigment made from chalk colored with a purple dye, but whether from murex, indigo or woad does not seem definitely stated. 

It is interesting to note that the purple from the murex, which is discussed at length, though not very clearly, by Pliny, is not used by these dyers. On the other hand, certain of their purples are characterized as successful imitations of the Tyrian or the foreign (imported) purple. 

Heterocyclic colouring matters have been in use since prehistoric times through such natural products as indigo (1) (76MI11200), its 6,6 -dibromo derivative (Tyrian Purple), extracted from the shell of the Mediterranean mollusc, Murex brandaris (74MI11200), and logwood or haematin (2). Haematin is extracted in its leuco or colourless form, haematoxylin,... 

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