Royal purple

McGovern, P. E. and R. H. Michel (1991), Royal purple dye Its identification by complementary physicochemical techniques, Inorg. Chem. 3(1), 69-76. 

Michel, R. H. and P. E. McGovern (1990), The chemical processing of royal purple dye Ancient descriptions as elucidated by modem science, ArchaeoMaterials 4, 97-104. 

Spanier E. (ed.) (1987), The Royal Purple and The Biblical Blue Argaman and Tekhelet, Keter, Jerusalem. 

The Phoenicians (l lbSA) used the famous royal purple ( MUfe) , obtained... 

People have long used marine organisms as the source of a limited number of synthetic products used in everyday life. Perhaps the most famous of these organisms has been the mollusk Murex bran-dans, from which a beautiful purple dye can he extracted. The dye is obtained from a small organ of the mollusk (the hypobranchial gland), and its preparation is so expensive that it was traditionally used as a dye only for clothing worn by the nobility. For that reason, the dye was called royal purple or, more commonly, Tyrian purple, after the region from which it is obtained. 

Oren-Shamir, M. and Levi-Nissim, A., Temperature effects on the leaf pigmentation of Cotinus coggygria Royal Purple , J. Hortic. ScL, 72, 425, 1997. 

Anthranilate, Tryptophan, para-Am inobenzoate, 1448.Box 25-C Royal Purple and Blue Denim... 

Ancient people, including the Phoenicians, Chinese, and Peruvians, discovered a dyeing process that utilized secretions of certain marine molluscs, animals that were also eaten as food.3 In processes that were perhaps closely guarded secrets, the molluscan secretions were heated for days in vats with water, salt, and additional additives including human urine, honey, etc. When the mixture was right, wool was dipped and allowed to air dry in sunlight to give the famous royal purple colors. 

Dyes were also prepared from certain marine animals, such as the Tyrian purple (royal purple) color used by the Roman emperors. Production of these dyes was very limited in quantity and they were very expensive. Only a limited amount of material could be made from the collected shelled animals. This typically was reserved for royalty and persons of rank. 

Function unknown, but found in the molluscanpigment, royal purple. 

Compounds of bromine had been known for hundreds of years before the element was discovered. One of the most famous of these compounds was Tyrian purple, also called royal purple. (Tyrian comes from the word Tyre, an ancient Phoenician city.) Only very rich people or royalty could afford to buy fabric dyed with Tyrian purple. It was obtained from a mol-lusk (shellfish) found on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (a large body of water bordered by Europe, Asia, and Africa). 

Livestock grown on soils high in selenium are poisoned by eating Astragalus ( loco-weed ), which concentrates it sheep grown on land deficient in selenium develop "white muscle disease. Deficiency of selenium involved in Key-shan disease in China. Function unknown, but found in the molluscan pigment, royal purple. 

McGovern, P.E., and R.H. Michel. 1990. Royal purple dye the chemical reconstruction of the ancient Mediterranean industry. Accounts of Chemical Research 23 152-158. 

By 1909 the chemical nature of the royal purple pigment dibromoindogotin (see scheme) had been established and by 1897 synthetic indigo production had already begun. Ancient indigo dyeing utilized the precursors, sulfate esters of indoxyl or of substituted indoxyl, metabolites of tryptophan (see Fig. 

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